The Role of Scar Origin in Shaping Men’s Body Image

Dyer, Anne; Mayer-Eckhard, Lennart; White, Andrew; Alpers, Georg W.

doi:10.1177/1557988314531446

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Dyer and colleagues (2013) found that among females, those with NSSI scarring exhibited a significantly more negative body image than those with scars of alternate origins, even after controlling for scar characteristics (e.g., size, appearance), borderline personality symptoms, and body mass index. These results have been replicated among men (Dyer et al 2015). More recently, Burke and colleagues (2016) found that the presence and number of NSSI scars were significantly associated with current suicidal ideation, after controlling for depressive symptoms, suicide attempt history, NSSI method, NSSI medical severity, and NSSI frequency.…”

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confidence: 60%

Initial Psychometric Validation of the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Scar Cognition Scale

Burke

Olino

Alloy

2017

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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Given the growing literature on the detrimental psychological consequences of NSSI, it is surprising that scarce research has focused on the permanent physical consequences of NSSI, scarring to one’s tissue (Burke et al. 2015; Lewis 2016). Indeed, with recent research suggesting that upwards of half of those with a history of NSSI bear scarring as a result of the behavior (Burke et al. 2016), the psychological implications of scarring are important to understand. Given preliminary literature suggesting that the vast majority of individuals who bear NSSI scars ascribe a great deal of meaning to their scarring, and that this meaning varies widely, a psychometrically sound scale is needed to comprehensively and systematically assess NSSI scar-related cognitions. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Scar Cognition Scale (NSSI-SCS). A sample of 110 undergraduates with at least one scar from NSSI completed the NSSI-SCS as well as measures of concurrent and divergent validity. Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted to determine the factor structure of the NSSI-SCS. Results indicated that a five-factor solution offered the best fit for the data. Psychometric analyses support the validity of the NSSI-SCS given evidence of concurrent validity, divergent validity, and reliability. Future research should examine the test-retest reliability of the NSSI-SCS, as well as its sensitivity to change, particularly in the context of treatment research.

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confidence: 60%

Initial Psychometric Validation of the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Scar Cognition Scale

Burke

Olino

Alloy

2017

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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“…Furthermore, only two empirical studies have directly examined the psychological effects of scarring from NSSI (Dyer et al, 2012; Dyer et al, 2014). Specifically, Dyer and colleagues (2012, 2014) found, and then replicated their findings, that among females and males, recruited specifically for scarring, those with NSSI scarring endorsed a significantly more negative body image in general and after scarring than those with scars of alternate origins, even after controlling for scar size and appearance. These studies provide important preliminary evidence that the presence of NSSI scarring might be psychologically damaging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying a physical indicator of suicide risk: Non-suicidal self-injury scars predict suicidal ideation and suicide attempts

Burke

Hamilton

Cohen

et al. 2016

Comprehensive Psychiatry

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Background Suicide risk is challenging to quantify due to reliance on self-report, which is limited by individuals’ lack of insight and the desire to conceal such intentions. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is one of the most robust predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA). Although NSSI often leads to permanent scarring, which can be assessed by objective physical examination, no research has examined whether scarring denotes tangible risk for SI and SA. The present study examined whether NSSI scar presence and number predict current SI and SA history. Further, we examined whether brooding would exacerbate the effects of NSSI scarring on SI or SA. Methods Young adults (N = 231; M = 21.24 years; 78% female) completed self-report questionnaires assessing SA history, frequency of NSSI, presence/number of NSSI scars, brooding, current depressive symptoms, and SI. Results NSSI scar presence and number predicted current SI and SA history after controlling for current depressive symptoms. Moreover, scar presence and number predicted current SI over and above the effects of SA history and NSSI frequency, method, and medical severity. Further, NSSI scar presence and number predicted SI more strongly among individuals with greater levels of brooding than among individuals with lower levels of brooding. Conclusions The presence and number of NSSI scars are objective physical indicators of risk for SI and SAs. Brooding may further heighten the risk of SI for individuals bearing NSSI scars.

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“…Burke and colleagues (2017) found that those who reported greater negative socially-related cognitions (e.g., shame, embarrassment) about their scars exhibited higher levels of social anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Other literature has found that NSSI scars are associated with significantly elevated levels of negative body image, including lower appearance evaluation and body area satisfaction (Dyer, Hennrich, Borgmann, White, & Alpers, 2013; Dyer, Mayer-Eckhard, White, & Alpers, 2015). Taken together, this literature suggests that permanent scarring from NSSI may have a detrimental impact on individuals’ psychological health.…”

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confidence: 99%

The stigmatization of nonsuicidal self‐injury

et al. 2018

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Objectives: Despite the high prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), no research has systematically studied the occurrence and effects of stigmatization by others towards NSSI scarring. Method: The current study measured implicit and explicit attitudes among undergraduates towards NSSI scarring using the Implicit Association Test and questionnaires to compare implicit and explicit biases towards NSSI with biases towards tattoos, a culturally-sanctioned form of self-determined marking, as well as non-intentional disfigurement. Results: Our study demonstrated strong negative implicit and explicit biases towards NSSI when comparing NSSI to tattoos and non-intentional disfigurement. Conclusions: Results extend previous research describing stigma towards mental illness and suggest a large negative bias towards NSSI. The importance of studying how stigma affects those who bear scarring from NSSI is discussed.

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The Role of Scar Origin in Shaping Men’s Body Image

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Initial Psychometric Validation of the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Scar Cognition Scale

Initial Psychometric Validation of the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Scar Cognition Scale

Identifying a physical indicator of suicide risk: Non-suicidal self-injury scars predict suicidal ideation and suicide attempts

The stigmatization of nonsuicidal self‐injury

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