The role of sex in particle‐induced inflammation and injury

Ray, Jessica L.; Fletcher, Paige; Burmeister, Rachel; Holian, Andrij

doi:10.1002/wnan.1589

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(193 reference statements)

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“…Males and females have different air absorption capabilities, and the permeability of the gas-blood barrier differs by sex 52 . The inflammatory response is another important mechanism that is considered as an intermediate step in the link between air pollution and health 53 . Sexual differences in antioxidant status may have different effects on inflammatory and oxidative stress processes in males and females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risk assessment of PM2.5 on walking trips

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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PM2.5 has an impact on residents' physical health during travelling, especially walking completely exposed to the environment. In order to obtain the specific impact of PM2.5 on walking, 368 healthy volunteers were selected and they were grouped according to gender and age. In the experiment, the heart rate change rate (HR%) is taken as test variable. According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the travel is divided into two states: safety and risk. Based on this, a binary logit model considering Body Mass Index (BMI) is established to determine the contribution of PM2.5 concentration and body characteristics to travel risk. The experiment was conducted on Chang'an Middle Road in Xi'an City. The analysis results show that the threshold of HR% for safety and risk ranges from 31.1 to 40.1%, and that of PM2.5 concentration ranges from 81 to 168 μg/m3. The probability of risk rises 5.8% and 11.4%, respectively, for every unit increase in PM2.5 concentration and HR%. Under same conditions, the probability of risk for male is 76.8% of that for female. The probability of risk for youth is 67.5% of that for middle-aged people, and the probability of risk for people with BMI in healthy range is 72.1% of that for non-healthy range. The research evaluates risk characteristics of walking in particular polluted weather, which can improve residents’ health level and provide suggestions for travel decision while walking.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risk assessment of PM2.5 on walking trips

Zhu

Liu

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Although very few reports exist, in vivo studies have shown the gender-dependent toxicity of AgNPs in the lungs could be related to hormone signaling, lung physiology, and respiratory immune function [93]. Ovarian hormones are usually associated with a proinflammatory response in the lungs [94], such as airway inflammation in asthma [95].…”

Section: Gendermentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Models to Evaluate Silver Nanoparticles’ Toxicity and Their Impact on Human Health

et al. 2022

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Nanomaterials (NMs) solve specific problems with remarkable results in several industrial and scientific areas. Among NMs, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been extensively employed as drug carriers, medical diagnostics, energy harvesting devices, sensors, lubricants, and bioremediation. Notably, they have shown excellent antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiviral properties in the biomedical field. The literature analysis shows a selective cytotoxic effect on cancer cells compared to healthy cells, making its potential application in cancer treatment evident, increasing the need to study the potential risk of their use to environmental and human health. A large battery of toxicity models, both in vitro and in vivo, have been established to predict the harmful effects of incorporating AgNPs in these numerous areas or those produced due to involuntary exposure. However, these models often report contradictory results due to their lack of standardization, generating controversy and slowing the advances in nanotoxicology research, fundamentally by generalizing the biological response produced by the AgNP formulations. This review summarizes the last ten years’ reports concerning AgNPs’ toxicity in cellular respiratory system models (e.g., mono-culture models, co-cultures, 3D cultures, ex vivo and in vivo). In turn, more complex cellular models represent in a better way the physical and chemical barriers of the body; however, results should be used carefully so as not to be misleading. The main objective of this work is to highlight current models with the highest physiological relevance, identifying the opportunity areas of lung nanotoxicology and contributing to the establishment and strengthening of specific regulations regarding health and the environment.

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“…One critically understudied aspect of nanotoxicology is sex as a biological variable, yet sex and/or gender‐based outcomes have long been established in respiratory disease 10,11 . However, delineating between sex and gender requires careful consideration and nuanced analysis in human research 12,13 ; therefore, our current knowledge base is largely dependent upon mechanisms identified using animal models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estrogen contributes to sex differences in M2a macrophages during multi‐walled carbon nanotube‐induced respiratory inflammation

Ray,

Postma,

Kendall

et al. 2023

The FASEB Journal

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Lung diseases characterized by type 2 inflammation are reported to occur with a female bias in prevalence/severity in both humans and mice. This includes previous work examining multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐induced eosinophilic inflammation, in which a more exaggerated M2a phenotype was observed in female alveolar macrophages (AMs) compared to males. The mechanisms responsible for this sex difference in AM phenotype are still unclear, but estrogen receptor (ER) signaling is a likely contributor. Accordingly, male AMs downregulated ERα expression after MWCNT exposure while female AMs did not. Thus, ER antagonist Fulvestrant was administered prior to MWCNT instillation. In females, Fulvestrant significantly attenuated MWCNT‐induced M2a gene expression and eosinophilia without affecting IL‐33. In males, Fulvestrant did not affect eosinophil recruitment but reduced IL‐33 and M2a genes compared to controls. Regulation of cholesterol efflux and oxysterol synthesis is a potential mechanism through which estrogen promotes the M2a phenotype. Levels of oxysterols 25‐OHC and 7α,25‐OHC were higher in the airways of MWCNT‐exposed males compared to MWCNT‐females, which corresponds with the lower IL‐1β production and greater macrophage recruitment previously observed in males. Sex‐based changes in cholesterol efflux transporters Abca1 and Abcg1 were also observed after MWCNT exposure with or without Fulvestrant. In vitro culture with estrogen decreased cellular cholesterol and increased the M2a response in female AMs, but did not affect cholesterol content in male AMs and reduced M2a polarization. These results reveal the modulation of (oxy)sterols as a potential mechanism through which estrogen signaling may regulate AM phenotype resulting in sex differences in downstream respiratory inflammation.

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The role of sex in particle‐induced inflammation and injury

Cited by 18 publications

References 145 publications

Health risk assessment of PM2.5 on walking trips

Health risk assessment of PM2.5 on walking trips

Lung Models to Evaluate Silver Nanoparticles’ Toxicity and Their Impact on Human Health

Estrogen contributes to sex differences in M2a macrophages during multi‐walled carbon nanotube‐induced respiratory inflammation

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