The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids of Gut Microbiota Origin in Hypertension

Wu, Yeshun; Xu, Hongqing; Tu, Xiaoming; Gao, Zhiqiang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.730809

Cited by 63 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Propionic acid is the primary metabolite of Bacteroidetes fermentation, inhibiting cholesterol synthesis (16). Based on previous studies, the clinical effects of propionic acid on lipid metabolism are manifested through lowering cholesterol concentrations and reducing fat storage (26). The present study found that propionic acid levels were significantly increased in PE patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

The Diagnostic Potential of Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Preeclampsia

Wang²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder leading to multiorgan dysfunction. It has high maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates. The study of gut microbiota and its metabolites in PE deserves further exploration. Thirty-eight pregnant women with PE and 29 healthy pregnant women in the third trimester of their pregnancy were recruited in this study. We used a targeted metabolomics approach to evaluate the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in serum samples. The correlation between SCFAs and clinical characteristics was also explored. The results of mass spectrometry (MS) showed significant differences at the metabolomics level of SCFAs between the PE and healthy control. The metabolic levels of acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, and valerate were significantly increased in the PE group than in the healthy control group. In contrast, caproic acid and butyrate levels were significantly reduced. The correlation analysis showed that urea, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure levels were positively correlated with four types of SCFAs (acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, and valeric acid) which increased in the PE group. Furthermore, the neutrophil percentage and the fetal birth weight were negatively correlated with isobutyric acid and valeric acid. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using a generalized linear model showed that multiple SCFAs would be potential diagnostic markers for PE, with high specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve (AUC). Among them, isobutyric acid (sensitivity: 97.4%, specificity: 100%, AUC = 1.00), propionic acid (sensitivity: 86.8%, specificity: 93.3%, AUC = 0.954) and acetic acid (sensitivity: 86.8%, specificity: 83.3%, AUC = 0.891) depicted significantly higher diagnostic value and potential clinical applications. In summary, the results of this study indicate that SCFAs have the potential to become effective biomarkers for early screening of PE.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

The Diagnostic Potential of Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Preeclampsia

Wang²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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“…Short-chain fatty acids not only affect immune cells, but also act as a source of energy, a participant in cells metabolism, a signal molecule recognized by specific receptors, and a regulator of gene expression, thereby having a significant impact on blood pressure regulation. 53,72,73 Both high-fibre diet and acetate supplementation regulated cardiac molecular pathways, decreased cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, lowered blood pressure and improved heart function in experimental hypertension. 74 Similarly, propionate treatment orally resulted in reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure along with reduced systemic inflammation in angiotensin-II induced hypertensive mice.…”

Section: Scfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several underlying mechanisms have been proposed to explain these effects, including specific receptors, autonomic nervous system, immune system, metabolic regulation and gene transcription. 65,73,76 Through binding receptors, such as GPR41, GPR43, GPR109A and olfactory receptor 78, SCFAs can directly regulate blood pressure. 53,77,78 Onyszkiewicz et al reported that butyrate can cross through the gut-vascular barrier into the bloodstream and operate on GPR41/GPR43 to relax the mesenteric artery, considerably reducing hypertension.…”

Section: Scfasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data suggest that SCFAs have beneficial effects in rodent models of hypertension. Several underlying mechanisms have been proposed to explain these effects, including specific receptors, autonomic nervous system, immune system, metabolic regulation and gene transcription 65,73,76 . Through binding receptors, such as GPR41, GPR43, GPR109A and olfactory receptor 78, SCFAs can directly regulate blood pressure 53,77,78 .…”

Section: The Impacts Of Gm On the Immunopathology Of Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of gut microbiota in the immunopathology of atherosclerosis: Focus on immune cells

et al. 2022

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Gut microbiota (GM) plays important roles in multiple organ function, homeostasis and several diseases. More recently, increasing evidences have suggested that the compositional and functional alterations of GM play a crucial role in the accumulation of foam cells and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in atherosclerosis. In particular, the effects of bacterial components and metabolites on innate and adaptive immune cells have been explored as the underlying mechanisms. Understanding the effects of GM and metabolites on immunoregulation is important for clinical therapy for atherosclerosis. Herein, we summarize the potential role of the GM (such as bacterial components lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan) and GM‐derived metabolites (such as short‐chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N‐oxide and bile acids) in the immunopathology of atherosclerosis. Based on that, we further discuss the anti‐atherosclerotic effects of GM‐directed dietary bioactive factors such as dietary fibres, dietary polyphenols and probiotics. Because of drug‐induced adverse events in anti‐inflammatory therapies, personalized dietary interventions would be potential therapies for atherosclerosis, and the interactions between GM‐derived products and immune cells should be studied further.

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“…As such, the microbiome releases by-products and secondary metabolites from dietary components that can serve as an excellent indicator for assessing diet-induced metabolic changes. Among these metabolites is the group of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from which acetic, propionic and butyric acid make up 95% of the SCFAs produced in the gut (Wu et al, 2021). Production of SCFAs is a result of fermentation of (partially) non-digestible polysaccharides (NDP) (Forkman, 2009) in the colon, mainly emanating from highly resistant starches (Cummings et al, 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Non-Invasive Monitoring of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Exhaled Breath

Meurs

Sakkoula²,

Cristescu³

2022

Front. Chem.

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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are important metabolites produced by the gut microbiome as a result of the fermentation of non-digestible polysaccharides. The most abundant SCFAs are acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid which make up 95% of this group of metabolites in the gut. Whilst conventional analysis SCFAs is done using either blood or fecal samples, SCFAs can also be detected in exhaled breath using proton transfer reaction-time-of-flight- mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) using H3O+ for ionization. However, no investigation has been performed to characterize the reactions of SCFAs with H3O+ and with other reagent ions, such as O2+ and NO+. Gas-phase samples of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were analyzed with SRI/PTR-ToF-MS under dry and humid conditions. The ions generated and their distribution was determined for each reagent ion. It was found the humidity did not influence the product ion distribution for each SCFA. Using H3O+ as a reagent ion, SRI/PTR-ToF-MS analysis of an exhaled breath sample was performed in real-time to demonstrate the methodology. The presence of SCFAs in exhaled breath was confirmed by thermal desorption—gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Breath sampling repeatability was within acceptable limits (<15%) for an analytical methodology for each investigated SCFA. Nutritional intervention studies could potentially benefit from real-time monitoring of exhaled SCFAs as an alternative to measuring SCFAs invasively in blood or fecal samples since it is non-invasive, and requires minimal time investment from participants.

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The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids of Gut Microbiota Origin in Hypertension

Cited by 63 publications

References 161 publications

The Diagnostic Potential of Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Preeclampsia

The Diagnostic Potential of Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Preeclampsia

Role of gut microbiota in the immunopathology of atherosclerosis: Focus on immune cells

Real-Time Non-Invasive Monitoring of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Exhaled Breath

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