The Role of Speed in ADHD-Related Working Memory Deficits

Weigard, Alexander; Huang-Pollock, Cynthia L.

doi:10.1177/2167702616668320

Cited by 61 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(215 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In fact, our research supports the view that individuals with ADHD have slower processing speeds than those in a normative population(Weigard & Huang-Pollock, 2017). We have extended this previous research by presenting a more complex model.…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

The importance of impulsivity and attention switching deficits in perpetrators convicted for intimate partner violence

Romero‐Martínez

Lila

2018

Aggressive Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It has been stated that Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases the likelihood of risky behavior such as intimate partner violence (IPV), but the cognitive mechanisms that facilitate or underlie these types of behavior remain unexplained. In this regard, several authors have established that impulsivity and inattentive symptoms might affect basic processes such as emotional decoding and set-shifting abilities, which are important processes for emotional and behavioral regulation. Hence, these symptoms entail a reduction in sensitivity to key contextual stimuli. Accordingly, the main aim of this study was to examine the involvement of impulsivity (assessed by selfreports) and attention switching impairments (assessed with the Attention Switching Task; AST), as well as the associations between these cognitive processes in facial emotion decoding (assessed by the eyes test) and cognitive flexibility impairments (measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, WCST) in a sample of IPV perpetrators (n = 89; mean age = 40) and a control group matched on socio-demographic characteristics (n = 39; mean age = 41). IPV perpetrators had higher trait impulsivity and greater attention switching costs than controls. Moreover, differences were also found between groups in facial expression decoding and WCST performance, with IPV perpetrators showing lower Eyes Test and WCST scores. Mainly, we observed that the ability to recognize facial expressions was poorer when individuals showed high impulsivity in both groups, but this association was only explained by deficits in attention switching in IPV perpetrators. Our research reinforces the importance of impulsivity and inattentive symptoms as targets for specific cognitive rehabilitation interventions designed to prevent the long-term IPV risk of recidivism. K E Y W O R D Sattention switching, emotional processing, impulsivity, intimate partner violence

show abstract

supporting

confidence: 86%

The importance of impulsivity and attention switching deficits in perpetrators convicted for intimate partner violence

Romero‐Martínez

Lila

2018

Aggressive Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This represents a standard approach, even though global processing speed (alongside the central executive) is known to drive both individual (Karalunas & Huang-Pollock, 2013; Weigard & Huang-Pollock, in review) and developmental (Case, Kurland, & Goldberg, 1982; Fry & Hale, 1996, 2000; Kail, 1992, 2007; Kail & Salthouse, 1994) differences in performance. Arguably one of the best ways to incorporate accuracy and speed of performance into a single set of indices is through a computational approach known as diffusion modelling (Ratcliff & McKoon, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Poor Working Memory a Transdiagnostic Risk Factor for Psychopathology?

Huang-Pollock

Shapiro

Galloway-Long

et al. 2016

J Abnorm Child Psychol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In contrast to historical conceptualizations that framed psychological disorders as distinct, categorical conditions, it is now widely understood that co- and multi-morbidities between disorders are extensive. As a result, there has been a call to better understand the dimensional liabilities that are common to and influence the development of multiple psychopathologies, as supported and exemplified by the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. We use a latent variable SEM approach to examine the degree to which working memory deficits represent a cognitive liability associated with the development of common and discrete dimensions of psychopathology. In a sample of 415 community recruited children aged 8-12 (n = 170 girls), we fit a bi-factor model to parent reports of behavior from the DISC-4 and BASC-2, and included a latent working memory factor as a predictor of the internalizing, externalizing, and general “p-factor.” We found that both the general “p-factor” and externalizing (but not internalizing) latent factor were significantly associated with working memory. When a bi-factor model of externalizing symptomology was fit to further explore this relationship, working memory was only correlated with the general externalizing dimension; correlation with specific inattention, hyperactive/impulsive, and oppositional factors did not survive once the general externalizing dimension was taken into consideration. These findings held regardless of the sex of the child. Our results suggest that working memory deficits represent both a common cognitive liability for mental health disorders, and a specific liability for externalizing disorders.

show abstract

“…Model application consists of studies where an existing cognitive model, which is assumed to provide an adequate representation of the underlying cognitive process, is applied to empirical data to provide insight into how the cognitive process operates in that paradigm (e.g., Weigard and Huang-Pollock 2017;Ratcliff et al 2001;Janczyk and Lerche 2019;Lerche et al 2019;Wagenmakers et al 2008;Ratcliff and Rouder 2000;Evans et al 2018a, c). These applications often involve experimental studies with different groups and/or conditions, with researchers interested in how the cognitive process changes across these factors, measured by changes in the values of the model parameters.…”

Section: One Man's Meat Is Another Man's Poisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Standards in Cognitive Science

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent discussions within the mathematical psychology community have focused on how Open Science practices may apply to cognitive modelling. Lee et al. (2019) sketched an initial approach for adapting Open Science practices that have been developed for experimental psychology research to the unique needs of cognitive modelling. While we welcome the general proposal of Lee et al. (2019), we believe a more fine-grained view is necessary to accommodate the adoption of Open Science practices in the diverse areas of cognitive modelling. Firstly, we suggest a categorization for the diverse types of cognitive modelling, which we argue will allow researchers to more clearly adapt Open Science practices to different types of cognitive modelling. Secondly, we consider the feasibility and usefulness of preregistration and lab notebooks for each of these categories and address potential objections to preregistration in cognitive modelling. Finally, we separate several cognitive modelling concepts that we believe Lee et al. (2019) conflated, which should allow for greater consistency and transparency in the modelling process. At a general level, we propose a framework that emphasizes local consistency in approaches while allowing for global diversity in modelling practices.

show abstract

The Role of Speed in ADHD-Related Working Memory Deficits

Cited by 61 publications

References 122 publications

The importance of impulsivity and attention switching deficits in perpetrators convicted for intimate partner violence

The importance of impulsivity and attention switching deficits in perpetrators convicted for intimate partner violence

Is Poor Working Memory a Transdiagnostic Risk Factor for Psychopathology?

Robust Standards in Cognitive Science

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About