The role of TGF-β signaling in regulating chondrogenesis and osteogenesis during mandibular development

Oka, Kyoko; Oka, Shinichi; Sasaki, Taro; Ito, Yoshihiro; Bringas, Pablo; Nonaka, Kenichi; Chai, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.11.025

Cited by 135 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Cleft palate also occurs in mouse embryos with defects in tongue muscle proliferation after conditional inactivation of Tgfbr2 in cranial mesenchyme (Iwata et al 2013); however, a functional connection between abnormal muscle and cleft palate has not been made. Mice with the same mutation were also shown to have malformed Meckel's cartilage and shorter mandibles (Oka et al 2007). Interestingly, mouse embryos deficient for Sox9-positive cells were observed at the tip where the symphysis will form suggesting that a primordium is induced in the absence of Bmp7, but fails to differentiate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dislocated Tongue Muscle Attachment and Cleft Palate Formation

et al. 2015

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In Pierre Robin sequence, a retracted tongue due to micrognathia is thought to physically obstruct palatal shelf elevation and thereby cause cleft palate. However, micrognathia is not always associated with palatal clefting. Here, by using the Bmp7-null mouse model presenting with cleft palate and severe micrognathia, we provide the first causative mechanism linking the two. In wildtype embryos the genioglossus muscle, which mediates tongue protrusion, originates from the rostral process of Meckel's cartilage and later from the mandibular symphysis, with two tendons positive for Scleraxis mRNA. In E13.5 Bmp7-null embryos, a rostral process failed to form, and a mandibular symphysis was absent at E17.5.Consequently, the genioglossus muscle fibers were diverted towards the lingual surface of Meckel's cartilage and mandibles, where they attached in an aponeurosis that ectopically expressed Scleraxis. The deflection of genioglossus fibers from the anterior-posterior towards the medial-lateral axis alters their direction of contraction and necessarily compromises tongue protrusion. Since this muscle abnormality precedes palatal shelf elevation, it is likely to contribute to clefting. In contrast, embryos with a cranial mesenchymespecific deletion of Bmp7 (Bmp7:Wnt1-Cre) exhibited some degree of micrognathia, but no cleft palate. In these embryos a rostral process was present, indicating that mesenchymederived Bmp7 is dispensable for its formation. Moreover, the genioglossus appeared normal in Bmp7:Wnt1-Cre embryos, further supporting a role of aberrant tongue muscle attachment in palatal clefting. We thus propose that in Pierre Robin sequence, palatal shelf elevation is not impaired simply by physical obstruction by the tongue, but by a specific developmental defect that leads to functional changes in tongue movements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dislocated Tongue Muscle Attachment and Cleft Palate Formation

et al. 2015

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“…This unique ossification process contrasts with the bidirectional long bone ossification process. It also demonstrates that, while the mandibular body is formed intramembranously from marrow-and periosteum-derived precursors adjacent to Meckel's cartilage (Oka et al 2007;Ramaesh and Bard 2003), most of the ramus bone can be traced to chondrocyte-derived bone cells (Figs. 2, 4d).…”

Section: Cell Lineage Tracing Demonstrates 1 Ossification Center In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Chondrocytes in Endochondral Bone Formation and Fracture Repair

Hinton¹,

Jing²,

Jing³

et al. 2016

J Dent Res

103

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The formation of the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) and its subchondral bone is an important but understudied topic in dental research. The current concept regarding endochondral bone formation postulates that most hypertrophic chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death prior to bone formation. Under this paradigm, the MCC and its underlying bone are thought to result from 2 closely linked but separate processes: chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. However, recent investigations using cell lineage tracing techniques have demonstrated that many, perhaps the majority, of bone cells are derived via direct transformation from chondrocytes. In this review, the authors will briefly discuss the history of this idea and describe recent studies that clearly demonstrate that the direct transformation of chondrocytes into bone cells is common in both long bone and mandibular condyle development and during bone fracture repair. The authors will also provide new evidence of a distinct difference in ossification orientation in the condylar ramus (1 ossification center) versus long bone ossification formation (2 ossification centers). Based on our recent findings and those of other laboratories, we propose a new model that contrasts the mode of bone formation in much of the mandibular ramus (chondrocyte-derived) with intramembranous bone formation of the mandibular body (non-chondrocyte-derived).

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“…Scenario i gains support from the paedomorphic similarity of the ossified Meckel's cartilage in eutriconodonts and spalacotheroids to that of extant mammalian embryos (15). The premature ossification of Meckel's cartilage represents a simple developmental change in timing (heterochrony), for which a genetic mechanism has been established (29,30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Development of the Middle Ear in Mesozoic Therian Mammals

Luo

Zhang

et al. 2009

Science

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Ear, Ear One defining feature of mammals, distinguishing them from other animals, is the separation of the middle ear from the jaw, which improves hearing sensitivity. Ji et al. (p. 278 ; see the Perspective by Martin and Ruf ) describe an adult Mesozoic fossil mammal, in a lineage that led to both marsupials and placentals, in which the middle ear is still ossified to the jaw. Recent developmental studies have shown that the release of the ear is tied to multiple genes and signaling pathways during development. Together, these data suggest how gene patterning may have led to the early evolution of the mammalian ear.

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The role of TGF-β signaling in regulating chondrogenesis and osteogenesis during mandibular development

Cited by 135 publications

References 52 publications

Dislocated Tongue Muscle Attachment and Cleft Palate Formation

Dislocated Tongue Muscle Attachment and Cleft Palate Formation

Roles of Chondrocytes in Endochondral Bone Formation and Fracture Repair

Evolutionary Development of the Middle Ear in Mesozoic Therian Mammals

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