The role of Th17 cells in viral infections

Aghbash, Parisa Shiri; Hemmat, Nima; Nahand, Javid Sadri; Shamekh, Ali; Memar, Mohammad Yousef; Babaei, Abouzar; Baghi, Hossein Bannazadeh

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107331

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 364 publications

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“…There is some evidence showing that human viruses can initiate the activation of immune system responses, in which CD4 helper T cells (Th) are differentiated into cytokinesecreting effector subpopulations, such as IL-17-producing Th17 cells [14]. Despite their key role in suppressing certain viral infections, Th17 cells are also involved in the induction of detrimental conditions since they can promote tissue damage and mediate chronic inflammation in a wide range of target organs [15]. Th17 cells are a subset of CD4 T cells, and naive CD4 T cell differentiation into effector Th17 cells is dependent on the transcription factor retinoic acid-related (RAR) orphan gamma receptor (RORC2) expression and on the presence of the cytokines IL-6, TGF-β and IL-1β [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Th1Th17 Cell Subpopulations in the Immune Responses of Mothers Who Gave Birth to Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS)

Paiva

Familiar-Macedo

Badolato-Corrêa

et al. 2022

Viruses

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High levels of T helper 17 cell (Th17)-related cytokines have been shown in acute Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. We hypothesized that the high levels of Th17-related cytokines, associated with a regulatory environment during pregnancy, create a favorable milieu for the differentiation of CD4+Th17 cells. We present data from a cross-sectional study on mothers who confirmed ZIKV infection by qRT-PCR and their children. We also recruited non-pregnant women infected with ZIKV in the same period. ZIKV infection occurred between 2015 and 2017. We collected samples for this study between 2018 and 2019, years after the initial infection. We highlight that, after in vitro stimulation with ZIKV CD4 megapool (ZIKV MP), we found a lower frequency of IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells (Th17), especially in the mothers, confirmed by the decrease in IL-17 production in the supernatant. However, a higher frequency of CD4+ IL-17+ IFN-γ+ T cells (Th1Th17) responding to the ZIKV MP was observed in the cells of the mothers and children but not in those of the non-pregnant women. Our data indicate that the priming of CD4 T cells of the Th1Th17 phenotype occurred preferentially in the mothers who gave birth to children with CZS and in the children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Th1Th17 Cell Subpopulations in the Immune Responses of Mothers Who Gave Birth to Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS)

Paiva

Familiar-Macedo

Badolato-Corrêa

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…severity of the disease is distinguished by the host immune response to the virus infection. [15][16][17] To date, several instances of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV mixed infection have been reported; however, in the case of COVID-19, coinfection is less frequent. 18 The prevalence of coinfection in different individuals with COVID-19 is thought to vary to a significant extent as only 50% of deaths associated with COVID-19 are suspected to stem from mixed infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Viral coinfections in COVID‐19

Aghbash

Eslami

Shirvaliloo

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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The most consequential challenge raised by coinfection is perhaps the inappropriate generation of recombinant viruses through the exchange of genetic material among different strains. These genetically similar viruses can interfere with the replication process of each other and even compete for the metabolites required for the maintenance of the replication cycle. Due to the similarity in clinical symptoms of most viral respiratory tract infections, and their coincidence with COVID‐19, caused by SARS‐CoV‐2, it is recommended to develop a comprehensive diagnostic panel for detection of respiratory and nonrespiratory viruses through the evaluation of patient samples. Given the resulting changes in blood markers, such as coagulation factors and white blood cell count following virus infection, these markers can be of diagnostic value in the detection of mixed infection in individuals already diagnosed with a certain viral illness. In this review, we seek to investigate the coinfection of SARS‐CoV‐2 with other respiratory and nonrespiratory viruses to provide novel insights into the development of highly sensitive diagnostics and effective treatment modalities.

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“…Even worse, SARS-CoV-2 as a catastrophic pandemic, emerged worldwide, surpassing any former coronavirus epidemics, and resulting in severe clinical symptoms leading to death [ 7 ]. Moreover, the interactions between the host and this virus can mediate the induction of a “cytokine storm”, resulting in various immunopathological consequences, including immunothrombosis [ 8 , 9 ]. For example, the lowered secretion of IFNs reduces the uptake of neutrophils into the infected area, making their presence more abundant in the blood stream.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The human innate immune system plays an essential role as the first immune barrier in the inflammatory consequences that COVID-19 imposes [ 93 ]. A severe COVID-19 infection can be observed due to the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha [ 9 , 15 ]. The primary source of these cytokines is dependent on the toll‐like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathways [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2: Receptor and Co-receptor Tropism Probability

et al. 2022

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The recent pandemic which arose from China, is caused by a pathogenic virus named “severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)”. Its rapid global expansion has inflicted an extreme public health concern. The attachment of receptor-binding domains (RBD) of the spike proteins (S) to the host cell’s membrane, with or without the help of other cellular components such as proteases and especially co-receptors, is required for the first stage of its pathogenesis. In addition to humans, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is found on a wide range of vertebrate host’s cellular surface. SARS-CoV-2 has a broad spectrum of tropism; thus, it can infect a vast range of tissues, organs, and hosts; even though the surface amino acids of the spike protein conflict in the receptor-binding region. Due to the heterogeneous ACE2 distribution and the presence of different domains on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for binding, the virus entry into diverse host cell types may depend on the host cells’ receptor presentation with or without co-receptors. This review investigates multiple current types of receptor and co-receptor tropisms, with other molecular factors alongside their respective mechanisms, which facilitate the binding and entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cells, extending the severity of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19 from this perspective can effectively help prevent this disease and provide more potent treatment strategies, particularly in vulnerable people with various cellular-level susceptibilities.

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The role of Th17 cells in viral infections

Cited by 46 publications

References 364 publications

Involvement of Th1Th17 Cell Subpopulations in the Immune Responses of Mothers Who Gave Birth to Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS)

Involvement of Th1Th17 Cell Subpopulations in the Immune Responses of Mothers Who Gave Birth to Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS)

Viral coinfections in COVID‐19

SARS-CoV-2: Receptor and Co-receptor Tropism Probability

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