2016
DOI: 10.12789/geocanj.2016.43.105
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The Role of the Ancestral Yellowstone Plume in the Tectonic Evolution of the Western United States

Abstract: Plate reconstructions indicate that if the Yellowstone plume existed prior to 50 Ma, then it would have been overlain by oceanic lithosphere located to the west of the North American plate (NAP). In the context of models supporting long-lived easterly directed subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath the NAP, the Yellowstone plume would have been progressively overridden by the NAP continental margin since that time, the effects of which should be apparent in the geological record. The role of this ‘ancestral… Show more

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Cited by 18 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Such an origin is supported by a variety of more recent studies; for example: (1) plate reconstruction models supporting the location of a Paleocene to Eocene Yellowstone hotspot in position to produce Siletzia offshore of the northwestern U.S. (Engebretson et al, 1985;McCrory and Wilson, 2013;Wells et al, 2014;Müller et al, 2016); (2) field and geochronological data constraining the composition, age, and timing of Siletzia's accretion (Wells et al, 2014;Eddy et al, 2017); (3) volume calculations of 1.7 × 10 6 km 3 to 2.6 × 10 6 km 3 for the unsubducted part of the Siletzia terrane (Trehu et al, 1994;Wells et al, 2014), classifying it as a large igneous province typical of other oceanic hotspots (Bryan and Ernst, 2008); (4) elevated 187 Os/ 188 Os in Siletzia mafic lavas and 3 He/ 4 He on olivine phenocrysts, consistent with a mantle plume source (Pyle et al, 2015); (5) trace-element and Sr-Pb-Nd-Hf isotopic data delineating a heterogeneous mantle source with a plume component similar to early Columbia River Basalt Group lavas (Pyle et al, 2015;Phillips et al, 2017); and (6) mantle potential temperature calculations that are well above ambient mantle and consistent with melts derived from a hot mantle plume (Phillips et al, 2017). Murphy (2016) suggested a still earlier period of offshore magmatism, with the Yellowstone swell entering the Farallon trench at ca. 80-75 Ma and contributing to the Laramide orogeny.…”
Section: Provenance and Kinship Of Siletzia To The Yellowstone Hotspotmentioning
confidence: 81%
“…Such an origin is supported by a variety of more recent studies; for example: (1) plate reconstruction models supporting the location of a Paleocene to Eocene Yellowstone hotspot in position to produce Siletzia offshore of the northwestern U.S. (Engebretson et al, 1985;McCrory and Wilson, 2013;Wells et al, 2014;Müller et al, 2016); (2) field and geochronological data constraining the composition, age, and timing of Siletzia's accretion (Wells et al, 2014;Eddy et al, 2017); (3) volume calculations of 1.7 × 10 6 km 3 to 2.6 × 10 6 km 3 for the unsubducted part of the Siletzia terrane (Trehu et al, 1994;Wells et al, 2014), classifying it as a large igneous province typical of other oceanic hotspots (Bryan and Ernst, 2008); (4) elevated 187 Os/ 188 Os in Siletzia mafic lavas and 3 He/ 4 He on olivine phenocrysts, consistent with a mantle plume source (Pyle et al, 2015); (5) trace-element and Sr-Pb-Nd-Hf isotopic data delineating a heterogeneous mantle source with a plume component similar to early Columbia River Basalt Group lavas (Pyle et al, 2015;Phillips et al, 2017); and (6) mantle potential temperature calculations that are well above ambient mantle and consistent with melts derived from a hot mantle plume (Phillips et al, 2017). Murphy (2016) suggested a still earlier period of offshore magmatism, with the Yellowstone swell entering the Farallon trench at ca. 80-75 Ma and contributing to the Laramide orogeny.…”
Section: Provenance and Kinship Of Siletzia To The Yellowstone Hotspotmentioning
confidence: 81%
“…The tectonic setting of Siletzia has been a longstanding problem in Cordilleran geology, with debate centering on whether it represents an accreted oceanic terrane (Duncan, 1982;Murphy et al, 2003;McCrory and Wilson, 2013;Wells et al, 2014;Murphy, 2016) or magmatism along the continental margin related to either rifting (Babcock et al, 1992(Babcock et al, , 1994Brandon et al, 2014) or ridge-trench interaction (Haeussler et al, 2003). One of the most compelling arguments for eruption on the continental margin was the inferred stratigraphic position of the Blue Mountain unit at the base of the terrane in Washington (e.g., Cady, 1975;Cady, 1978a, 1978b;Einarsen, 1987;Babcock et al, 1992).…”
Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Several researchers have proposed that Siletzia represents an accreted oceanic plateau, or series of oceanic islands, that developed above a hotspot (Duncan, 1982;Murphy et al, 2003;McCrory and Wilson, 2013;Wells et al, 2014;Murphy, 2016;Phillips et al, 2017). Such an origin is consistent with the projected position of a long-lived Yellowstone hotspot near western Oregon during the early Eocene (e.g., Engebretson et al, 1985), and could explain the great volume of basalt erupted within the terrane as well as geochemical evidence for a plume-like mantle source for the basalts (Pyle et al, 2009(Pyle et al, , 2015Phillips et al, 2017).…”
Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning
confidence: 99%
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