The role of the autonomic nervous system in arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death

Franciosi, Sonia; Perry, Frances; Roston, Thomas M.; Armstrong, Kathryn; Claydon, Victoria E.; Sanatani, Shubhayan

doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2017.03.005

Cited by 126 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…To date, a handful of fluorine-18-labelled PET radiotracers have been reported that target norepinephrine transporter (NET). The interest in NET is because it is not only a major diagnostic focus in cardiovascular diseases [4][5][6] but also a therapeutic target in neuroendocrine tumours [7]. Typical examples include (1) 6-[ 18 F]fluorodopamine, which was first reported more than 20 years ago [8,9]; (2) [ 18 ]3F-PHPG), which have shown unique slow uptake kinetics due to their phenethylguanidine core structures [15,16] ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Evaluation of AF78: a Rationally Designed Fluorine-18-Labelled PET Radiotracer Targeting Norepinephrine Transporter

et al. 2019

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Purpose: Taking full advantage of positron emission tomography (PET) technology, fluorine-18labelled radiotracers targeting norepinephrine transporter (NET) have potential applications in the diagnosis and assessment of cardiac sympathetic nerve conditions as well as the delineation of neuroendocrine tumours. However, to date, none have been used clinically. Drawbacks of currently reported radiotracers include suboptimal kinetics and challenging radiolabelling procedures. Procedures: We developed a novel fluorine-18-labelled radiotracer targeting NET, AF78, with efficient one-step radiolabelling based on the phenethylguanidine structure. Radiosynthesis of AF78 was undertaken, followed by validation in cell uptake studies, autoradiography, and in vivo imaging in rats. Results: [ 18 F]AF78 was successfully synthesized with 27.9 ± 3.1 % radiochemical yield, 9 97 % radiochemical purity and 9 53.8 GBq/mmol molar activity. Cell uptake studies demonstrated essentially identical affinity for NET as norepinephrine and meta-iodobenzylgaunidine. Both ex vivo autoradiography and in vivo imaging in rats showed homogeneous and specific cardiac uptake.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Evaluation of AF78: a Rationally Designed Fluorine-18-Labelled PET Radiotracer Targeting Norepinephrine Transporter

et al. 2019

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“…Redline and + = provoke these events. Blue line and − = inhibit these events (Franciosi et al, 2017). Reproduced with permission.…”

Section: Renal Denervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hypersympathetic drive directed toward the heart can worsen other pre-existing conditions that contribute to VAs (e.g., ischemia, underlying rhythm and dilated cardiomyopathy) (Shen and Zipes, 2014;Fukuda et al, 2015). Unraveling the exact role of the ANS in the pathogenesis of VA will be rlevant for prevention and treatment of those arrhythmias (Ng, 2016;Franciosi et al, 2017; Figure 6).…”

Section: Renal Denervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic Activation in Hypertensive Chronic Kidney Disease – A Stimulus for Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death?

Kiuchi

Nolde

et al. 2020

Front. Physiol.

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“…Furthermore, an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic ANS can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, and the predominance of one over the other may vary depending on the type of arrhythmia. For example, in Brugada syndrome, arrhythmic events have been associated with periods of higher parasympathetic tone and in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmia events are associated with the predominance of the sympathetic ANS [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

24-hour Holter findings in infants with in utero exposure to Zika virus: a cross-sectional study.

Orofino¹,

Srl²,

Sm³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background : Antenatal exposure to the Zika virus (ZIKV) is related to severe neurological, ophthalmological and orthopedic manifestations called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), but no changes in the electrical activity of the heart have been found. A higher prevalence of structural cardiac changes has been described in CZS patients when compared to the general population of live births. To describe 24-hour Holter findings in infants with confirmed antenatal exposure to ZIKV. Methods : Cross-sectional study of 24-hour Holter findings in infants with antenatal exposure to ZIKV confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction(PCR) . Patients of the cohort of newborns and infants exposed intrautero to the ZIKV which began in November 2015 and continues to date and were hospitalized for clinical or surgical reasons were included. The 24-hour Holter monitoring was performed the day before discharge. Data analysis was descriptive and included subgroups of patients according to the presence of CZS and severe microcephaly. Heart rate, ST segment, QT interval and arrhythmias were evaluated. To evaluate heart rate variability (HRV) we used time domain analysis. The Mann-Whitney test was performed to verify significant differences between the subgroups of patients. Results : The sample consisted of 15 infants with average age of 16 months and 12 were diagnosed with CZS (8 had severe microcephaly). PCR at birth was positive in 8 newborn and 7 had positive maternal PCR during pregnancy. No arrhythmias or QT interval changes were observed. The Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference between patients with and without CZS and with and without severe microcephaly, with HRV being lower in the groups with severe microcephaly and CZS. Conclusions : The study suggests that the HRV evaluation can be used as a sentinel event to assess the possibility of progressive neurological impairment in newborns with antenatal exposure to ZIKV, allowing early initiation of stimulation therapies in addition to indicating that cardiovascular complications may arise in the medium and long term.

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The role of the autonomic nervous system in arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death

Cited by 126 publications

References 101 publications

Initial Evaluation of AF78: a Rationally Designed Fluorine-18-Labelled PET Radiotracer Targeting Norepinephrine Transporter

Initial Evaluation of AF78: a Rationally Designed Fluorine-18-Labelled PET Radiotracer Targeting Norepinephrine Transporter

Sympathetic Activation in Hypertensive Chronic Kidney Disease – A Stimulus for Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death?

24-hour Holter findings in infants with in utero exposure to Zika virus: a cross-sectional study.

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