The role of the C2 gas in the emergence of C60 from the condensing carbon vapour

Ahmad, Shoaib; Yaqub, Kashif; Ashraf, Afshan

doi:10.1140/epjd/e2013-30646-0

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Our present analysis does not explicitly involve this mechanism. However, we have shown elsewhere that the evolution the C2 gas during the fragmentation sequences, may effectively be used as an agent for intra-fullerene isomer changes [19,27]. 6…”

Section: The Inter-and Intra-cage Rearrangements and Isomer Change Mementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hot carbon vapor in an appropriately confined environment can generate fullerenes with relative densities that are determined by their respective heats of formation and isomeric abundance. Various mechanisms and routes for the emergence of C60 out of the disorder of the hot C-vapor have been proposed [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. In an earlier, thermodynamic entropic model, we treated the forming and fragmenting fullerenes of the grand canonical ensemble as 3D rotors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an earlier, thermodynamic entropic model, we treated the forming and fragmenting fullerenes of the grand canonical ensemble as 3D rotors. The thermodynamic entropy of cage-to-cage transformations was evaluated [27]. The thermodynamic entropic arguments are re-evaluated here by Shannon entropic considerations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Information-theoretic model of self-organizing fullerenes and the emergence of C60

Ahmad

2018

Chemical Physics Letters

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An information-theoretic model describes the dissipative dynamical systems composed of ensembles of fragmenting, self-organizing fullerenes. The probabilities derived from the variations of the fullerene number densities that occur during → transformations are used to evaluate Shannon entropies for every carbon cage. Fractal dimension of the cages are calculated from their respective entropies. C60 is shown to emerges as the end-directed evolution of dynamical systems of four different ensembles of fullerenes. The information generating, transforming cages of carbon provide a perspective to evaluate the self-organizational behavior of dissipative structures.

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Section: The Inter-and Intra-cage Rearrangements and Isomer Change Mementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Information-theoretic model of self-organizing fullerenes and the emergence of C60

Ahmad

2018

Chemical Physics Letters

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“…Here we treat the grand canonical ensemble of the forming and fragmenting fullerenes as a dissipative dynamical system. By treating fullerenes as 3D rotors, a thermodynamic model was developed earlier with evaluation of thermal entropy of cage-to-cage transformations [37]. .…”

Section: The Case Of the Emergence Of The Buckyball-c 60mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kinetic and thermodynamic arguments to describe this process have had varying degrees of success [33][34][35][36][37]. In this communication, the far from equilibrium, irreversible dissipative structures are monitored through their information generation during the spatial and temporal stages, mostly within the Reservoir of the SRS model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information generating, sharing, and manipulating Source-Reservoir-Sink model of self-organizing dissipative structures

Ahmad

2018

Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science

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Shannon's information-theoretic description of the signal transmitter, the channel and receiver is extended to the network of self-organizing dissipative structures consisting of a source, a reservoir and a sink. The information-generation by the source is subjected to controlled manipulation by the reservoir before being transmitted to the sink. The reservoir can have memory and variable capacity for information storage. The reservoir can be physical and tangible like a lake or virtual like Google. In temporal terms, the reservoir as a manipulator of the received information, could last for millions of seconds or billionth of a second. The role of the reservoir in building the manipulative capacity for information storage and selective sharing is illustrated by the characteristic of asymmetric exchange between the reservoir and the sink. A Box-model is used to develop the model to represent material, process and information sharing among the source, the reservoir and the sink. The number of boxes is varied and the diagnostic tools like relative entropy, entropic cost of the output and fractal dimension are evaluated to characterize the model. The model is applied to self-organizing carbon cages with the end-directed evolution of the Buckyball. 2 Self-organizing dynamical systems are treated analogous to the networks of informationgenerating and sharing components. The Source is the generator and initiator of all information. This information is transmitted towards the eventual receiver-the Sink, through the intermediate stage of the Reservoir. Reservoir is treated as the only link between the Source and the Sink. An information-theoretic Source-Reservoir-Sink (SRS) model is developed where Reservoir is analogous to Shannon's Channel. Reservoir is shown to be the repository of material, energy and the consequent information. In Reservoir, material or information received from the Source can be manipulated. This information is delivered to the Sink. The Sink may receive (i) material output in various shapes, configurations or forms, or (ii) signals that are representative of the processes that occurred in the Reservoir, or (iii) useable or waste energy, etc. The Sink is the recipient of the material, information or it could also participate in the dynamical processes. The interactive participation of the Reservoir with Source and Sink is the core of the SRS model. Reservoir is shown to consist of one or more steps or stages of the self-organizing dissipative structures. SRS model is developed through interconnected Boxes that share material and information. Probability distributions are constructed that are used to calculate Shannon entropy, relative entropies and fractal dimensions. The model is applied to provide the information-theoretic description of the ensembles of self-organizing carbon cages with the emergence of the perfectly symmetrical C60 cage. The model has already been applied to fragmenting nanotubes.

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The role of the C2 gas in the emergence of C60 from the condensing carbon vapour

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Information-theoretic model of self-organizing fullerenes and the emergence of C60

Information-theoretic model of self-organizing fullerenes and the emergence of C60

Information generating, sharing, and manipulating Source-Reservoir-Sink model of self-organizing dissipative structures

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