The Role of the Constituents of Synthetic Media for Penicillin Production<sup>1</sup>

Jarvis, F. G.; Johnson, Marvin J.

doi:10.1021/ja01204a023

Cited by 118 publications

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“…Penicillium chrysogenum Wis 49-2105 was maintained on a complete medium containing sucrose, 30 g; corn steep liquor, 10 g; Difco Casitone, 2 g; Difco yeast extract, 2 g; KCl, 0.5 g; MgSO4 7H2O, 0.5 g; KH2PO4, 1 g; FeSO4g7H2O,10 mg; DL-methionine, 50 mg; agar, 20 g; tapwater, 1,000 ml; pH 6.0. Fermentations were carried out in the medium of Jarvis and Johnson (7). Fifty milliliters of this medium in 300-ml Erlenmeyer flasks were inoculated with 3 x 107 conidia from 6-day-old cultures on complete medium and incubated at 27 C and 300 rpm on a rotary shaker.…”

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Incorporation of Double-Labeled l -Cystine and dl -Valine in Penicillin

Adriaens

Vanderhaeghe

Meesschaert

et al. 1975

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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L- [3,3'-3H ]cystine was incorporated into penicillin with retention of one.tritium. This result can be explained by ,l-lactam formation through ring closure between C3 of cysteine and NH of valine. No radioactivity of DL-[2,3-3H]valine was incorporated into penicillin. The loss of isotope at C2 occurs during the inversion of configuration. The loss of label at C3 is discussed in terms of possible intermediates for the formation of the thiazolidine ring of penicillin.

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confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Double-Labeled l -Cystine and dl -Valine in Penicillin

Adriaens

Vanderhaeghe

Meesschaert

et al. 1975

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…To study the incorporation of labeled amino acids, 3.107 conidia of P. chrysogenum Wis. were used to seed 50 ml of the medium of Jarvis and Johnson (14). After 48 h, the mycelia were 638 on May 10, 2018 by guest http://aac.asm.org/ Downloaded from filtered on sterile Whatman no.…”

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Presence of δ-( l -α-Aminoadipyl)- l -Cysteinyl- d -Valine in Fermentations of Penicillium chrysogenum

Adriaens

Meesschaert

Wuyts

et al. 1975

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum , growth with [ 35 S]sulfate or labeled amino acids, were examined by ion-exchange chromatography for possible peptidic precursors of penicillin. A sulfur-containing compound, present in both the mycelial extracts and the culture filtrates, was eluted at the location of the synthetic lld -tripeptide δ-( l -α-aminoadipyl)- l -cysteinyl- d -valine. Since this compound was also labeled when the cultures were incubated with dl -[6- 14 C]α-aminoadipic acid, l -[3,3′- 3 H]cystine, or dl -[1- 14 C]valine, its identity with the synthetic lld -tripeptide can be accepted. No δ-( l -α-aminoadipyl)- l -cysteine or lll -tripeptide were detected. The implications of these findings for tripeptide and penicillin biosynthesis are discussed.

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“…The nitrogen content (17 mN), however, was less than 25 yo that of the asparagine medium. When increasing the concentration of ammonium salts it was necessary to increase the concentration of metabolizable anions (as in penicillin production on chemically defined media ; Jarvis & Johnson, 1947), in order to prevent the development of acidity which could not be adequately controlled by an increased buffer capacity. Titres were thus increased to 160 units/ml.…”

Section: Media With Ammonia As Source Of Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics produced by Bacillus licheniformis: A Practical Chemically Defined Medium for Production of Licheniformin

Belton

Hills

Powell

1949

Journal of General Microbiology

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The production of licheniformin-like antibacterial activity in culture by a single strain of Bacillus licheniformis required neutral or alkaline conditions, conveniently attained by the use of lactate rather than glucose as a source of carbon in a chemically defined medium.When the medium contained initially about 0.0P-0.10 yo nitrogen, supplied as asparagine or as ammonium lactate, and the cultures, harvested after 4-9 days a t 37O, were sterilized by bringing to pH 2.5 and autoclaving, the inhibitory dilution against a test strain of Mycobacterium phlei was 1/160 or greater.Fluid from cultures in a chemically defined medium, containing 0.06 M ammonium lactate and 0.05 M sodium lactate, inhibited the test organism a t a dilution of 1/200-1200 (geometric mean, 530) in 44 consecutive batches of 100-200 1. culture fluid produced by incubation of cultures in shallow layers. The pH value of the harvested fluid was about 9 and the antibiotic material was partly bound by the cells. It was largely freed by adjustment to pH 2.5.When amino-acids were added to the medium either as a mixture of known aminoacids, or as a casein hydrolysate, the maximum titre was attained earlier, but with no significant change in its value. A similar result was obtained with yeast extract added alone or with casein hydrolysate.

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The Role of the Constituents of Synthetic Media for Penicillin Production¹

Cited by 118 publications

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Incorporation of Double-Labeled l -Cystine and dl -Valine in Penicillin

Incorporation of Double-Labeled l -Cystine and dl -Valine in Penicillin

Presence of δ-( l -α-Aminoadipyl)- l -Cysteinyl- d -Valine in Fermentations of Penicillium chrysogenum

Antibiotics produced by Bacillus licheniformis: A Practical Chemically Defined Medium for Production of Licheniformin

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The Role of the Constituents of Synthetic Media for Penicillin Production1

Cited by 118 publications

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Incorporation of Double-Labeled l -Cystine and dl -Valine in Penicillin

Incorporation of Double-Labeled l -Cystine and dl -Valine in Penicillin

Presence of δ-( l -α-Aminoadipyl)- l -Cysteinyl- d -Valine in Fermentations of Penicillium chrysogenum

Antibiotics produced by Bacillus licheniformis: A Practical Chemically Defined Medium for Production of Licheniformin

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The Role of the Constituents of Synthetic Media for Penicillin Production¹