The role of the elbow musculature, forearm rotation, and elbow flexion in elbow stability: An in vitro study

Effects of flexor-pronator muscle loading on valgus stability of the elbow with an intact, stretched, and resected medial ulnar collateral ligament

“…Elbow instability has been extensively studied using cadaver models 4,14,17,21,22 ; however, these studies have sectioned the MUCL to simulate injury. Often injuries to the MUCL are due to chronic overload, leading to progressive and partial failure of the ligament.…”

Medial collateral ligament healing after posttraumatic radial head arthroplasty: A retrospective study of 33 cases with a mean follow-up of 73 months

“…This would have allowed us to correlate the humeroulnar joint opening to the healing or lack of healing in the MCL. Some ligaments [13] can be considered as healed because they are continuous, but the mechanical properties of these ligaments is debatable, given that eight of them were Our study did not include a control group that would have made it possible to assess the role of the RHP in MCL healing. It was not feasible from an ethical point of view to compare our patients with a control group of patients suffering from an MCL tear and radial head fracture who would have been treated by isolated resection of the radial head, as this procedure would destabilize the elbow.…”

“…The secondary stabilizing structures are the humeroradial joint, joint capsule and tendons of the medial and lateral epicondylar muscles [12,13]. Injuries to the MCL and RCL can be detected clinically by applying a valgus or varus stress to the elbow.…”

“…Le MEPS moyen était de 84,7 (AE 13,9) ; il était de 88,3 (AE 10,9) chez les patients avec un LCU échographiquement cicatrisé et de 70 (AE 0) chez les patients avec un LCU échographiquement non cicatrisé. Une cicatrisation du LCU est possible en l'absence de suture ou de réinsertion chirurgicale après la mise en place d'une PTR.…”

Development of an active elbow flexion simulator to evaluate joint kinematics with the humerus in the horizontal position

“…With respect to elbow flexion, only a few systems have been reported. Most of these have simulated muscle forces in the major muscles crossing the joint while testing in static elbow positions, or while an investigator flexed the arm passively (Baratz et al, 1996;Itoi et al, 1994;King et al, 1993;Morrey et al, 1991;O'Driscoll et al, 1992;Olsen et al, 1998;Pomianowski et al, 2001a;Pomianowski et al, 2001b;Seiber et al, 2009).…”