The Role of the Entorhinal Cortex in Extinction: Influences of Aging

Bevilaqua, Lia R.; Rossato, Janine I.; Bonini, Juliana Sartori; Myskiw, Jociane C.; Clarke, Julia R.; Monteiro, Siomara da Cruz; Lima, Ramón Hypolito; Medina, Jorge H.; Cammarota, Martı́n; Izquierdo, Iván

doi:10.1155/2008/595282

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…A number of studies suggest that aged rats are slower to extinguish learned responses (Bevilaqua et al, 2008; Oliveira-Silva et al, 2007; Schneider-Rivas, Paredes-Carbajal, Mascher, Angoa-PéRez, Jaramillo-Gonzaléz, Borgonio-PéRez, & Rivas-Arancibia, 2007; Schneider-Rivas, Rivas-Arancibia, Vazquez-Pereyra, Vázquez-Sandoval, & Borgonio-Pérez, 1995; Topic, Dere, Schulz, de Souza Silva, Jocham, Kart, & Huston 2005; Topic, Huston, Namestkova, Zhu, Mohammed, & Schulz, 2008). However in the current study, we found that aged rats were unimpaired at extinguishing their behavior in the initial extinction session and were even faster to extinguish during the subsequent session.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that older adults have difficulty adapting their behavior to situational changes and in making decisions when outcome information is uncertain (Eppinger, Hämmerer, & Li, 2011; Marschner, Mell, Wartenburger, Villringer, Reischies, & Heekeren, 2005; Mohr, Li, & Heekeren, 2010). As with older adults, aged rats also display reduced behavioral flexibility in tasks that require them to adapt, such as in altering behavior in response to changes in action-outcome associations (Bevilaqua, Rossato, Bonini Myskiw, Clarke, Monteiro, Lima, Medina, Cammarota, & Izquierdo, 2008; Mizoguchi, Shoji, Tanaka, & Tabira, 2010; Schoenbaum, Nugent, Saddoris, & Gallagher, 2002), and when outcomes are uncertain, old rats make less advantageous decisions (Simon, Gilbert, Mayse, Bizon, & Setlow, 2009). Most of the studies to date, however, have focused on age-related deficits in associative learning using Pavlovian tasks that pair stimuli with either positive or negative reinforcement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced performance of aged rats in contingency degradation and instrumental extinction tasks.

Samson¹,

Venkatesh²,

Patel³

et al. 2014

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Normal aging in rats affects behavioral performance on a variety of associative learning tasks under Pavlovian conditions. There is little information, however, on whether aging also impacts performance of instrumental tasks. Young (9–12 mo) and aged (24–27 mo) Fisher 344 rats were trained to press distinct levers associated with either maltodextrin or sucrose. The rats in both age groups increased their lever press frequency at a similar rate, suggesting that the initial acquisition of this instrumental task is not affected by aging. Using a contingency degradation procedure, we then addressed whether aged rats could adapt their behavior to changes in action-outcome contingencies. We found that young and aged rats do adapt, but that a different schedule of reinforcement is necessary to optimize performance in each age group. Finally, we also addressed whether aged rats can extinguish a lever press action as well as young rats, using two forty minute extinction sessions on consecutive days. While extinction profiles were similar in young and aged rats on the first day of training, aged rats were faster to extinguish their lever presses on the second day, in spite of their performance levels being similar at the beginning of the session. Together these data support the finding that acquisition of instrumental lever press behaviors is preserved in aged rats, and suggest that they have a different threshold for switching strategies in response to changes in action-outcome associations. This pattern of result implies that age-related changes in the brain are heterogeneous and widespread across structures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced performance of aged rats in contingency degradation and instrumental extinction tasks.

Samson¹,

Venkatesh²,

Patel³

et al. 2014

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…Entorhinal cortex (Brodmann's area 28) is the area where NFTs and APs are first detectable in old age and in AD brains [8]. Entorhinal cortex is involved in memory formation, retrieval, and extinction, as part of circuits that include the hippocampus, the amygdaloid nucleus, and several regions of the neocortex, in particular the prefrontal cortex [8-11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Entorhinal cortex is involved in memory formation, retrieval, and extinction, as part of circuits that include the hippocampus, the amygdaloid nucleus, and several regions of the neocortex, in particular the prefrontal cortex [8-11]. Entorhinal cortex is one of the regions in the AD brain with the earliest, and most vulnerable and heavily affected region [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glia Maturation Factor Expression in Entorhinal Cortex of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain

et al. 2013

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of neuropathological lesions containing amyloid plaques (APs) and hyperphosphorylated Tau containing neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and is associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Entorhinal cortex (Brodmann's area 28) is involved in memory associated functions and is one of the first brain areas targeted to form the neuropathological lesions and also severely affected cortical region in AD. Glia maturation factor (GMF), a central nervous system protein and a proinflammatory molecule is known to be up-regulated in the specific areas of AD brain. Our previous immunohistochemical studies using temporal cortex showed that GMF is expressed in the vicinity of APs and NFTs in AD brains. In the present study, we have analyzed the expression of GMF and its association with APs and NFTs in the entorhinal cortex of AD brains by using immunohistochemistry combined with thioflavin-S fluorescence labeling methods. Results showed that GMF immunoreactive glial cells, glial fibrillary acidic protein labeled reactive astrocytes and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 labeled activated microglia were increased in the entorhinal cortical layers especially at the sites of 6E10 labeled APs and Tau containing NFTs. In conclusion, increased expression of GMF by the glial cells in the entorhinal cortex region, and the co-localization of GMF with APs and NFTs suggest that GMF may play important proinflammatory roles in the pathogenesis of AD.

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“…These changes include deficits of cognitive processes, especially learning and memory (Armstrong et al 2003;Bevilaqua et al 2008). The hippocampus, which plays a critical role in learning and memory function, exhibits early and considerable morphological changes in aging process Peterson et al 2000;Eichenbaum 2001;Singer et al 2004;Ramkumar et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calbindin D-28k Immunoreactivity and Its Protein Level in Hippocampal Subregions During Normal Aging in Gerbils

et al. 2009

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The hippocampus is associated with learning and memory function and shows neurochemical changes in aging processes. Calbindin D-28k (CB) binds calcium ion with a fast association rate. We examined age-related changes in CB immunoreactivity and its protein level in the gerbil hippocampus during normal aging. In the hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and CA2, CB immunoreaction was found in some neurons in the stratum pyramidale (SP) at postnatal month 1 (PM 1). CB immunoreactivity in neurons was markedly increased at PM 3. Thereafter, CB immunoreactivity was decreased with time: CB-immunoreactive ((+)) neurons were fewest at PM 24. In the CA3, a few CB(+) neurons were found only in the SP at PM 1 and in the stratum radiatum at PM 18 and 24. In addition, mossy fibers were stained with CB at PM 1. CB immunoreactivity in mossy fibers was markedly increased at PM 3, thereafter it was decreased with time. In the dentate gyrus, many granule cells (GC) in the granule cell layer were stained with CB at PM 1. CB immunoreactivity in GC was markedly increased at PM 3, thereafter CB immunoreactivity was decreased with time. In Western blot analysis, CB protein level in the gerbil hippocampus was highest at PM 3, thereafter CB protein levels were decreased with time. This result indicates that CB in the gerbil hippocampus is abundant at PM 3 and is decreased with age.

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The Role of the Entorhinal Cortex in Extinction: Influences of Aging

Cited by 17 publications

References 98 publications

Enhanced performance of aged rats in contingency degradation and instrumental extinction tasks.

Enhanced performance of aged rats in contingency degradation and instrumental extinction tasks.

Glia Maturation Factor Expression in Entorhinal Cortex of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain

Calbindin D-28k Immunoreactivity and Its Protein Level in Hippocampal Subregions During Normal Aging in Gerbils

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