The Role of the Gut Microbiome and Trimethylamine Oxide in Atherosclerosis and Age-Related Disease

Hage, Racha El; Al-Arawe, Nada; Hinterseher, Irene

doi:10.3390/ijms24032399

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 204 publications

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“…This increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis ( Nogal et al, 2021 ). Elevated circulating TMAO levels promote systemic inflammation and oxidative stress ( El Hage et al, 2023 ). The positive association between atherosclerosis and AA ( Liu et al, 2016 ) and the additive effects of obesity on asthma risk and severity are noteworthy ( Michalovich et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat-killed Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates allergic airway inflammation in mice

Yoon,

Lim,

Byeon

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Allergic asthma (AA) is a common inflammatory airway disease characterized by increased airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), inflammation, and remodeling. Akkermansia muciniphila is a strictly anaerobic bacterium residing in the gut and is a promising next-generation probiotic to improve metabolic inflammatory syndrome. A recent study suggested the beneficial effect of live A. muciniphila on allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in mice. However, whether the heat-killed form can improve AAI requires further investigation. Mice sensitized and challenged with house dust mites (HDM) develop AA hallmarks including inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and subepithelial collagen deposition in the lungs. These phenomena were reversed by oral administration of the heat-killed A. muciniphila strain EB-AMDK19 (AMDK19-HK) isolated from the feces of healthy Koreans. Furthermore, AMDK19-HK diminished the HDM-induced AHR to inhaled methacholine, lung mast cell accumulation, and serum HDM-specific IgE levels. It also led to the overall suppression of IL-4, IL-13, and eotaxin production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and Il4, Il5, Il13, and Ccl17 gene expression in lung tissues. Moreover, AMDK19-HK suppressed Th2-associated cytokine production in the splenocytes of HDM-sensitized mice in vitro. Additionally, a combination of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis in cecal samples revealed that AMDK19-HK modulated the relative abundance of circulating SCFA-associated gut genera, including a positive correlation with Lachnospiraceae_ NK4A136_group and a negative correlation with Lachnoclostridium and significantly increased cecal SCFA concentrations. Finally, AMDK19-HK improved intestinal mucosal barrier function. These results suggest that the oral administration of AMDK19-HK ameliorates HDM-induced AAI in mice by suppressing Th2-mediated immune responses and could have a protective effect against AA development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat-killed Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates allergic airway inflammation in mice

Yoon,

Lim,

Byeon

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Probiotics are originally referred to as the beneficial flora in yogurt; they affect health by stimulating intestinal flora, interfering with the host immune response, reducing cholesterol absorption, etc [ 113 ]. Prebiotics are defined as a particular fermentation component that promotes the growth of probiotics in the human intestinal tract and the function of the body’s immune system; thus, prebiotics are often used as a health food, and lactulose is widely used as a common clinical preparation [ 114 ]. Synbiotics are a combination of probiotics and prebiotics, which have characteristics of both and have a more significant and lasting effect on the adjustment of intestinal microecology [ 115 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Intestinal Microecological Changes and Atherothrombosis

et al. 2023

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Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of large- and medium-sized arteries that causes ischemic heart disease, strokes, and peripheral vascular disease, collectively called cardiovascular disease (CVD), and is the leading cause of CVD resulting in a high rate of mortality in the population. AS is pathological by plaque development, which is caused by lipid infiltration in the vessel wall, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Recently, more and more scholars have paid attention to the importance of intestinal microecological disorders in the occurrence and development of AS. Intestinal G-bacterial cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial metabolites, such as oxidized trimethylamine (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are involved in the development of AS by affecting the inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, and blood pressure regulation of the body. Additionally, intestinal microecology promotes the progression of AS by interfering with the normal bile acid metabolism of the body. In this review, we summarize the research on the correlation between maintaining a dynamic balance of intestinal microecology and AS, which may be potentially helpful for the treatment of AS.

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“…Trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is a compound produced through intestinal microbial metabolism and is commonly associated with the consumption of fish, red meat, and other foods rich in choline and L-carnitine ( 239 ). Studies have demonstrated that elevated levels of TMAO are linked to the promotion of plaque formation, inflammatory responses, and an increased risk of cardiac events ( 240 , 241 ). TMAO may also exacerbate the occurrence and progression of MI by damaging arterial endothelial function and inducing atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Single-omics Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From multi-omics approaches to personalized medicine in myocardial infarction

Zhan,

Tang,

et al. 2023

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Myocardial infarction (MI) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease characterized by myocardial necrosis resulting from coronary artery ischemia and hypoxia, which can lead to severe complications such as arrhythmia, cardiac rupture, heart failure, and sudden death. Despite being a research hotspot, the etiological mechanism of MI remains unclear. The emergence and widespread use of omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics, have provided new opportunities for exploring the molecular mechanism of MI and identifying a large number of disease biomarkers. However, a single-omics approach has limitations in understanding the complex biological pathways of diseases. The multi-omics approach can reveal the interaction network among molecules at various levels and overcome the limitations of the single-omics approaches. This review focuses on the omics studies of MI, including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics. The exploration extended into the domain of multi-omics integrative analysis, accompanied by a compilation of diverse online resources, databases, and tools conducive to these investigations. Additionally, we discussed the role and prospects of multi-omics approaches in personalized medicine, highlighting the potential for improving diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of MI.

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The Role of the Gut Microbiome and Trimethylamine Oxide in Atherosclerosis and Age-Related Disease

Cited by 16 publications

References 204 publications

Heat-killed Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates allergic airway inflammation in mice

Heat-killed Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates allergic airway inflammation in mice

Association between Intestinal Microecological Changes and Atherothrombosis

From multi-omics approaches to personalized medicine in myocardial infarction

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