The Role of the Hippocampus in Predicting Future Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Recently Traumatized Civilians

Rooij, Sanne J.H. van; Stevens, Jennifer; Ely, Timothy D.; Hinrichs, Rebecca; Michopoulos, Vasiliki; Winters, Sterling; Ogbonmwan, Yvonne E.; Shin, Jaemin; Nugent, Nicole R.; Hudak, Lauren A.; Rothbaum, Barbara O.; Ressler, Kerry J.; Jovanović, Tanja

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.005

Cited by 69 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Although this was a relatively high-functioning and low maltreatment-exposed sample (see Corral-Frías et al, 2015), results were robust to inclusion of childhood trauma and recent life stress measures in analysis models. Further, a longitudinal assessment of Category A trauma-exposed adults found that increased hippocampal BOLD signal during inhibitory control (Go-noGo) task measured 1-2 months post-trauma predicted decreased PTSD symptom severity at 3 and 6 month follow-up in both an initial discovery and replication sample (van Rooij et al, 2018). As the hippocampus has been identified as a crucial structure involved in linking cognition, memory and mood (Speer and Delgado, 2017), it is likely to have high relevance for resilience to post-traumatic stress syndromes, that are characterised by alterations in mood, cognitive function, and intrusive thoughts and memories.…”

Section: Cognitive Flexibility and Cognitive Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging resilience to trauma: convergent evidence and challenges for future research

Norbury¹,

Mm²,

Feder³

2019

Preprint

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Resilience, or the phenomenon of successful adaptation following significant trauma exposure, is a complex, multidimensional, and dynamic process. To date, research on neural mechanisms involved in human resilience has comprised of two major research streams – involving individuals with childhood and adulthood trauma exposure, respectively. Although there are systematic differences in how both trauma and resilience have been defined across these two bodies of work, some striking regions of convergence emerge when considering the literature as a whole. Here, we review neuroimaging studies of resilience in both trauma-exposed individuals and the general population, alongside discussion of some of the methodological difficulties involved in quantifying trauma and resilience in human participants. Results highlight the involvement of brain networks implicated in emotion regulation (medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala), responses to rewards (ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex), and attentional control and cognitive flexibility (prefrontal cortex and hippocampus) in fostering positive outcomes following trauma. There is also emerging evidence for a role of neural circuitry subserving interoceptive awareness (in particular, the anterior insula cortex) in resilience. Further, we discuss several ongoing issues in neuroimaging study design and analysis that will need to be addressed in order to enable us to harness insight from such studies to improve treatments for – or, ideally, guard against the development of – debilitating post-traumatic stress syndromes.

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Section: Cognitive Flexibility and Cognitive Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroimaging resilience to trauma: convergent evidence and challenges for future research

Norbury¹,

Mm²,

Feder³

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Gilbertson et al (2002) reported smaller hippocampal volumes in subjects with severe PTSD and their identical twins (without PTSD or combat exposure), compared to both combat exposed subjects without PTSD and their identical twins. Prospective studies point to increased amygdala reactivity to negative stimuli as well as diminished hippocampal activation during response inhibition as potential biomarkers for PTSD (McLaughlin et al, 2014; Stevens et al, 2017; van Rooij et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion of hippocampal and amygdala shape in posttraumatic stress and early life stress

Klaming

Spadoni

Veltman

et al. 2019

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Objective The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and childhood adversity on brain structure. We assessed hippocampal and amygdala shape in veterans with varying levels of PTSD symptom severity and exposure to early life stressors (ELS). Methods A total of 70 male veterans, who were deployed to a combat area during OIF/OEF/OND and who had been exposed to trauma during deployment, were included in the study. We applied a vertex-wise shape analysis of 3T MRI scans to measure indentation or expansion in hippocampal and amygdala shape. Results Analyses showed a positive correlation between number of ELS and vertices in the right amygdala and the right hippocampus, as well as a positive correlation between PTSD symptom severity and right hippocampal vertices. There were no significant interactions between PTSD symptoms, ELS, and brain shape. Discussion Results indicate a relationship between exposure to more childhood adversity and expansion in amygdala and hippocampal shape as well as between more severe PTSD symptoms and expansion in hippocampal shape. These findings may have important implications for the pathophysiology of trauma-related disorders.

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“…Despite this evidence, other studies did not report this association: both a cross‐sectional study of females with sexual assault‐related PTSD and a longitudinal study (1 week and 6 months post‐trauma) , reported no difference in hippocampal volume. Nonetheless, a recent study indicates that early (1–2 months) hippocampal function during the performance of a response inhibition task predicts the development of future PTSD symptoms 3 and 6 months later . Rather than being a consequence of PTSD or trauma‐exposure, two studies proposed that having small hippocampal volume is a risk factor to develop PTSD, when exposed to a traumatic event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smaller hippocampal volume following sexual assault in women is associated with post‐traumatic stress disorder

Quidé

Andersson

Dufour‐Rainfray

et al. 2018

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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The Role of the Hippocampus in Predicting Future Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Recently Traumatized Civilians

Abstract: Decreased inhibition-related hippocampal activation soon after trauma predicted future PTSD symptom severity. This finding may contribute to early identification of at-risk individuals and reveals potential targets for intervention or symptom prevention in the aftermath of trauma.

Cited by 69 publications

References 66 publications

Neuroimaging resilience to trauma: convergent evidence and challenges for future research

Neuroimaging resilience to trauma: convergent evidence and challenges for future research

Expansion of hippocampal and amygdala shape in posttraumatic stress and early life stress

Smaller hippocampal volume following sexual assault in women is associated with post‐traumatic stress disorder

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