The role of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease

Li, Zheng; Ye, Peng; Liu, Chun

doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0264

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Very recent data are emerging on the role of IL-23 in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), but most of them are focused on Graves' disease [19][20][21]. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the concentrations of serum IL-23 in a series of euthyroid and untreated patients affected by HT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum interleukin-23 (IL-23) is increased in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

et al. 2014

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum interleukin-23 (IL-23) is increased in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

et al. 2014

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“…IL-10 elevation via influencing immunoregulation can be responsible for the stronger immunosuppressive effect in patients with ophthalmopathy [17]. In another way, the elevated levels of IL-17 and IL-6 proinflammatory cytokines can contribute to lower allergen-specific IgE levels in Graves' ophthalmopathy [18,19]. Increased IL-17 levels are also present in allergic events, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and smoking induced inflammatory processes [20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Characteristics of Allergy in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Molnár¹,

Kelemen²,

Somogyine-Vari³

2015

J Clin Cell Immunol

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Objective: The relationship between autoimmunity and allergy is well known. The immunoregulation can be modified towards T helper 2 dominance by cytokines and regulatory T cells, which participate in both diseases. Autoimmune thyroid diseases possess different immunoregulatory and sympathoadrenal activity, whose features can be reflected by their association with allergic attacks and the degree of allergen-specific IgE levels.Methods: Two-hundred-fifty-nine patients, 149 with Graves' disease (57 had ophthalmopathy), 110 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 65 controls with small euthyroid goitre were investigated. Allergen-specific IgE levels to 20 respiratory and 20 food allergens were detected by AllergySreen immunoblot method and given in IU/ml. Thyroid hormones and autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Htg) were measured in a fully automated way, but TSH receptor antibodies with radioimmunoassay. Results:The prevalences of respiratory and food allergen-specific IgE levels were higher in Graves' disease in comparison with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and controls. The seasonal allergen-specific IgE levels increased more in Graves' patients without ophthalmopathy, than in patients who had eye symptoms and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Mugwort-and soybean-specific IgE levels elevated significantly in the absence of anti-Htg and the presence of TSH receptor antibodies, respectively. In turn, the presence of allergen-specific IgE levels was associated with alterations in thyroid hormone and antithyroid antibody levels too. Conclusion:The elevated prevalences of respiratory and food allergies reflected Th2-derived cytokine productions in autoimmune thyroid diseases. The lower respiratory and food allergen-specific IgE levels highlighted a role of prominent proinflammatory cytokine productions in Graves' ophthalmopathy and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Allergy due to increased Th2-derived and proinflammatory cytokine productions may aggravate or induce AITDs, as well as via modified thyroid hormone and antithyroid antibody levels may contribute to a slow remission rate of Graves' hyperthyroidism.

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“…For example, T-cell help is thought to be important for differentiation of autoantibodyproducing B cells into plasma cells, 9 and the role of T regulatory cells and interleukin-23/interleukin-17 in the pathogenesis of GD are now being explored more actively. 7,10 The initial inciting factor in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is still unknown and may vary among individuals. 11 Based on family and twin studies, it is thought that both genetic and environmental factors play a role, with an estimated 80% of AITD susceptibility being attributable to genetics, and the remaining 20% to other environmental factors.…”

Section: The Immunological Background Of Graves Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Rituximab in the Treatment of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Review

Ostrowski

Bussey

Shayesteh

et al. 2015

Neuro-Ophthalmology

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Graves disease is an autoimmune thyroid disease classically characterised by a clinical triad consisting of hyperthyroidism, diffuse goitre, and thyroid eye disease. Thyroid eye disease is an immunologically mediated condition in which humoral immunity is thought to play a central role. Thyroid eye disease is traditionally treated with high-dose glucocorticosteroids and surgical orbital decompression. However, responses are inadequate and alternative treatment options are needed. Rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, shows promise as a novel therapeutic option for thyroid eye disease. There are 43 cases of thyroid eye disease treated with rituximab in the medical literature, and larger studies are warranted to determine the long-term effectiveness of rituximab. Rituximab may represent an attractive new treatment option for thyroid eye disease, especially in the case of disease that is refractory to current treatment strategies.

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The role of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in the pathogenesis of Graves’ disease

Cited by 42 publications

References 23 publications

Serum interleukin-23 (IL-23) is increased in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Serum interleukin-23 (IL-23) is increased in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

The Prevalence and Characteristics of Allergy in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases

Rituximab in the Treatment of Thyroid Eye Disease: A Review

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