The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in creating cognitive maps

Costa, Kauê Machado; Scholz, Robert; Lloyd, Kevin; Moreno-Castilla, Perla; Gardner, Michael O.; Dayan, Peter; Schoenbaum, Geoffrey

doi:10.1101/2022.01.25.477716

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In any case, the overall results from monkeys with damage to the OFC indicate that this region is not directly involved in discriminating novel from familiar stimuli. These results align with recent evidence in rats suggesting that inactivation of the OFC did not impair novel object recognition memory performance (Costa et al, 2022). The current results also support growing evidence that areas 11/13 of the OFC, the intended lesion locations, do not play an essential role in whether a stimulus is rewarded (i.e., reward contingency; Bachevalier et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Rhesus monkeys with damage to amygdala or orbitofrontal cortex perform well on novelty-based memory tasks.

Krasney¹,

Manns²,

Kazama³

et al. 2023

Behavioral Neuroscience

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The amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) are interconnected regions that serve as key nodes in brain circuits supporting social and affective behaviors. An important question that has come into focus is whether these regions also play a fundamental role in responding to novelty. One possibility is that these regions are important for discriminating novel from familiar stimuli. An alternative possibility is that these regions contribute to affective responses to stimuli in novelty-based tasks. For example, the amygdala and OFC could contribute to assessing novel stimuli as being threatening or previously selected stimuli as having reward value. The present study tested rhesus macaque monkeys with damage to the amygdala or OFC, along with sham-operated control monkeys, across six variants of novelty-based memory tasks. The results showed that monkeys with damage to the amygdala or OFC performed better overall than control monkeys across the tasks. The results indicated that neither region was essential for discriminating novel from familiar stimuli. Instead, the findings suggested that the improved performance observed in novelty-based tasks following damage to these regions was more likely attributable to influences on affect.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Rhesus monkeys with damage to amygdala or orbitofrontal cortex perform well on novelty-based memory tasks.

Krasney¹,

Manns²,

Kazama³

et al. 2023

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…Individual neurons appear to respond to either information or external reward in the monkey orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) 23 , suggesting the presence of distinct representations of intrinsic and extrinsic value. These separate representations are consistent with a role for OFC in encoding distinct task variables of value that are integrated downstream to motivate a combined valuebased choice 30,33,34,36,[39][40][41][42][43][44] .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Representations of the intrinsic value of information in mouse orbitofrontal cortex

Bussell,

Badman,

Márton

et al. 2023

Preprint

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SUMMARYAnimals are motivated to acquire knowledge of their world. They seek information that does not influence reward outcomes suggesting that information has intrinsic value. We have asked whether mice value information and whether a representation of information value can be detected in mouse orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). We have developed an odor-based behavioral task in which mice choose to acquire information even though it does not alter the reward outcome. We observe that mice choose to acquire knowledge about uncertain reward and are willing to sacrifice water for information suggesting that knowledge is of intrinsic value to a mouse. We imaged neural activity in OFC while mice performed the information seeking task and observed different but overlapping populations of neurons responsive to odors predictive of information and odors predictive of water reward. Moreover, a nonlinear latent variable model recapitulated these distinct representations in the low-dimensional dynamics of OFC neuronal population activity. These data suggest that mice have evolved distinct pathways in OFC that represent the intrinsic value of knowledge and the extrinsic value of water reward. Thus, the desire to acquire knowledge is conserved in mice and the value of knowledge is represented in the OFC.

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“…We used a shorter cue-reward interval to better enable subjects to predict reward delivery. This conditioning has also been shown to engender the encoding of identity-specific cue-reward memories as evidenced by sensitivity of the conditional goal-approach response to devaluation of the predicted reward 44 . Again, we found that BLA dopamine is associated with cue-reward learning (Figure 1k-l).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine projections to the basolateral amygdala drive the encoding of identity-specific reward memories

Sias¹,

Jafar²,

Goodpaster³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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To make adaptive decisions, we build an internal model of associative relationships in the environment and use it to predict specific forthcoming outcomes. Detailed stimulus-outcome memories are a core feature of such cognitive maps, yet little is known of the neuronal systems that support their encoding. We used fiber photometry, cell-type and pathway-specific optogenetic manipulation, Pavlovian cue-reward conditioning, and a decision-making test in male and female rats, to reveal that ventral tegmental area dopamine (VTADA) projections to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) drive the encoding of stimulus-outcome memories. Dopamine is released in the BLA during stimulus-outcome pairing and VTADA→BLA activity is necessary and sufficient to link the identifying features of a reward to a predictive cue, but does not mediate general value or reinforcement. These data reveal a dopaminergic pathway for the learning that supports adaptive decision making and help understand how VTADA neurons achieve their emerging multifaceted role in learning.

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The role of the orbitofrontal cortex in creating cognitive maps

Cited by 4 publications

References 60 publications

Rhesus monkeys with damage to amygdala or orbitofrontal cortex perform well on novelty-based memory tasks.

Rhesus monkeys with damage to amygdala or orbitofrontal cortex perform well on novelty-based memory tasks.

Representations of the intrinsic value of information in mouse orbitofrontal cortex

Dopamine projections to the basolateral amygdala drive the encoding of identity-specific reward memories

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