The role of the pragmatic marker like in utterance interpretation

Andersen, Gisle

doi:10.1075/pbns.79.02and

Cited by 93 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…This reduced commitment is justified by the speaker in that the expression that she has chosen to use in this particular instance is a word usually used by non-Aboriginal people. Andersen (2000) maintains that in similar instances in London teen talk, like may be construed as something like 'that thing which some people call' or 'that thing which grown-ups refer to as' . In the case of Aboriginal English speakers, this usage of like may be construed as 'that thing which non-Aboriginal people call' .…”

Section: Examples and Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Consider the following example: 1 L: Oh my uncle he used to like drink a lot with a lot of Aboriginal people 2 and um like they didn't believe in Jesus or anything (P24,Clothes Go Missing) In this text like is used prior to mentioning topics which apparently bring the speaker some discomfort or make her feel embarrassed or SHAME. The function of like here is to imply some 'psychological distancing' (Andersen 2000) towards the information to be revealed or the particular words to be said. This usage of like is close to its quotative use with taboo words of blasphemy in American English (Ferrara and Bell 1995).…”

Section: Examples and Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For example, words such as like and so have come to be used, in recent years, in certain distinctive ways by the speakers of English (Andersen 1998(Andersen , 2000James 1983;Miller and Weinert 1995;Schourup 1985). In particular, the word like has received considerable attention from researchers for the ways in which it has characterized discourse produced by the speakers of different dialects of English such as American English (Romaine and Lange 1991), Scottish English (Miller and Weinert 1995), London English (Andersen 1998(Andersen , 2000, Australian English (Winter 2002) and Canadian English (Tagliamonte and Hudson 1999). The diffusion of change involving the use of like has been related to the globalization of English (Tagliamonte and Hudson 1999) and, in Australia, to the influence of American English, though this does not exclude the concurrent contribution of local influences (Winter 2002: 7).…”

Section: Previous Accounts Of Likementioning

confidence: 99%

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The pragmatic marker like in English teen talk

Sharifian

Malcolm

2003

P&C

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This study reports on the use of like in Aboriginal English teen talk. The analysis of a sub-corpus of 40 adolescent texts from a corpus of 100 narratives by speakers of Aboriginal English in Western Australia revealed that like is often employed by these speakers, and that it performs a variety of functions. In general it is observed that like may mark off a) a discrepancy between the intended conceptualization and the expressed concept, b) an attitude, feeling, or a certain degree of commitment towards a lexical item, and c) a shift in some element of discourse. The results of this study support and extend the analysis carried out by Andersen (2000) on London teen talk.

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Section: Examples and Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Examples and Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Previous Accounts Of Likementioning

confidence: 99%

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The pragmatic marker like in English teen talk

Sharifian

Malcolm

2003

P&C

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“…As a DM, like may function as a lexicalised filled pause, akin to an interjection or hesitation word such as uhmm, uttered while preparing the upcoming words of the utterance. But like often fulfils more complex roles in dialogue, broadly indicating to the hearer that what follows it is a loose interpretation or an approximation of the speaker's belief (Andersen, 2000(Andersen, , 2001. Five different functions of the DM like have been identified in the literature, and are illustrated below by excerpts from the ICSI-MR corpus, with added punctuation.…”

Section: Like and Well As Dms Or Non-dmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic identification of discourse markers in dialogues: An in-depth study of like and well

Popescu-Belis¹,

Zufferey²

2011

Computer Speech & Language

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The lexical items like and well can serve as discourse markers (DMs), but can also play numerous other roles, such as verb or adverb. Identifying the occurrences that function as DMs is an important step for language understanding by computers. In this study, automatic classifiers using lexical, prosodic/positional and sociolinguistic features are trained over transcribed dialogues, manually annotated with DM information. The resulting classifiers improve stateof-the-art performance, at about 90% recall and 79% precision for like (84.5% accuracy, κ = 0.69), and 99% recall and 98% precision for well (97.5% accuracy, κ = 0.88). Automatic feature analysis shows that lexical collocations are the most reliable indicators, followed by prosodic/positional features, while sociolinguistic features are marginally useful for the identification of DM like. The differentiated processing of each type of DM improves classification accuracy, suggesting that these types should be treated individually.

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“…A number of factors contribute to the choice of a particular device, including the nature of the quoted content as well as social factors. Compared to say, the use of be like is associated with looser reports of the original quoted content and with the expression of attitude or emotion (Andersen, 1998(Andersen, , 2000Blyth et al, 1990;Romaine and Lange, 1991), although both of these proposals have been challenged (Blackwell and Fox Tree, 2012;Fox Tree and Tomlinson, 2008). Compared to be like, the use of say is associated with higher status speakers being quoted and higher status addressees (Blackwell and Fox Tree, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

Quotation as a multimodal construction

Blackwell

Perlman

Tree

2015

Journal of Pragmatics

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Quotations are a means to report a broad range of events in addition to speech, and often involve both vocal and bodily demonstration. The present study examined the use of quotation to report a variety of multisensory events (i.e., containing salient visible and audible elements) as participants watched and then described a set of video clips including human speech and animal vocalizations. We examined the relationship between demonstrations conveyed through the vocal versus bodily modality, comparing them across four common quotation devices (be like, go, say, and zero quotatives), as well as across direct and non-direct quotations and retellings. We found that direct quotations involved high levels of both vocal and bodily demonstration, while non-direct quotations involved lower levels in both these channels. In addition, there was a strong positive correlation between vocal and bodily demonstration for direct quotation. This result supports a Multimodal Hypothesis where information from the two channels arises from one central concept.

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The role of the pragmatic marker like in utterance interpretation

Cited by 93 publications

References 0 publications

The pragmatic marker like in English teen talk

The pragmatic marker like in English teen talk

Automatic identification of discourse markers in dialogues: An in-depth study of like and well

Quotation as a multimodal construction

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