The Role of the Tympanic Membrane in Middle Ear Transmission

Tonndorf, Juergen; Khanna, Shyam M.

doi:10.1177/000348947007900407

Cited by 97 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Furthermore, they observed that the TM locations coupled to the umbo and manubrium of the malleus moved with much smaller displacements than did the areas of the TM between the manubrium and the TM rim. Such decreased motion of the manubrium relative to other regions on the TM surface is consistent with von Helmholtz's curved membrane theory (Tonndorf and Khanna, 1970). With stimulus frequencies between 2 and 8 kHz, Khanna and Tonndorf (1972) observed complex TM motion patterns with multiple spatial maxima and minima of motion.…”

Section: A Theories Of Tm Functionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…With stimulus frequencies between 2 and 8 kHz, Khanna and Tonndorf (1972) observed complex TM motion patterns with multiple spatial maxima and minima of motion. Tonndorf and Khanna (1970) interpreted these complicated patterns in terms of higher-order modal motions, where they suggested the different maxima were separated by nodal regions. The presence of higher-order modal motions in man-made sound-transducing surfaces, e.g., microphone or loudspeaker diaphragms, is a sign that the surface is "breaking-up" and no longer acting efficiently (Beranek, 1993;Fletcher, 1992).…”

Section: A Theories Of Tm Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Keeping this in mind, Khanna (1970, 1972) and Shaw and Stinson (1983) suggested that such break ups would decouple the motion of the more distant parts of the membrane surface from the center of the TM, and lead to a decrease in the sensitivity of the ME's response to highfrequency sound. With this decoupling in mind, Tonndorf and Khanna suggested that the primary function of much of the TM surface at high frequencies was to act as a baffle that maintained a significant sound pressure difference between the ear canal and ME cavity (Tonndorf and Khanna, 1970).…”

Section: A Theories Of Tm Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sound-induced vibration of the entire TM surface is highly frequency dependent and the spatial patterns of the vibrations qualitatively vary from simple in-phase displacement patterns to more complex patterns with many spatial maxima and minima moving with different phase angles as frequency increases (Tonndorf and Khanna, 1970;Khanna and Tonndorf, 1972;Decraemer et al, 1989Decraemer et al, , 1999Rosowski et al, 2009;Cheng et al, 2010). Attempts have been made to describe the complex motion patterns observed on the TM surface in response to high frequency sound in terms of combinations of wave motions Cheng et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wave motion on the surface of the human tympanic membrane: Holographic measurement and modeling analysis

Cheng

Hamade

Merchant

et al. 2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Sound-induced motions of the surface of the tympanic membrane (TM) were measured using stroboscopic holography in cadaveric human temporal bones at frequencies between 0.2 and 18 kHz. The results are consistent with the combination of standing-wave-like modal motions and traveling-wavelike motions on the TM surface. The holographic techniques also quantified sound-induced displacements of the umbo of the malleus, as well as volume velocity of the TM. These measurements were combined with sound-pressure measurements near the TM to compute middle-ear input impedance and power reflectance at the TM. The results are generally consistent with other published data. A phenomenological model that behaved qualitatively like the data was used to quantify the relative magnitude and spatial frequencies of the modal and traveling-wave-like displacement components on the TM surface. This model suggests the modal magnitudes are generally larger than those of the putative traveling waves, and the computed wave speeds are much slower than wave speeds predicted by estimates of middle-ear delay. While the data are inconsistent with simple modal displacements of the TM, an alternate model based on the combination of modal motions in a lossy membrane can also explain these measurements without invoking traveling waves.

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Section: A Theories Of Tm Functionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: A Theories Of Tm Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Theories Of Tm Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Wave motion on the surface of the human tympanic membrane: Holographic measurement and modeling analysis

Cheng

Hamade

Merchant

et al. 2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…the manubrium is finnly attached to the eardrum at the umbo and at the lateral process in the human; in the cat, it is finnly attaehed along its whole length. In addition, according to Khanna (1970), the manubrium is nearly perpendicular to the ossicular axis of rotation in the human, while in the cat, this angle is roughly 30°. Finally, for the human, the position of the stapedial footplate is al the level of the umbo, while in the cal, the footplate is found 2.6 SUMMARY ln summary, the tympanic cavity or tympanum is an air-filled cavity which contains a chain of three linked bones or ossicles.…”

Section: Ossiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the effects of incudostapedial joint flexibility in a finite-element model of the cat middle ear

Ghosh

Funnell²

Proceedings of 17th International Conference of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

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This manuscript bas been reproduced ftom the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly trom the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter fàce, while others May he trom any type of computer printer.The quality of this reproduction is depeDdeDt UpoD the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard rnargins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. AllO c ABSTRACT A finite-element model of the cat middle ear was modified to include a shell representation of the incudostapedial joint. A low-frequency" unifonn sound pressure was applied to the eardrum. Joint stiffiless was varied from very low to very high. The resulting displacements of the stapedial footplate, incudostapedial joint, manubrium and eardrum were examined. The footplate tilts both anteroposteriorly and inferosuperiorly for almost ail Young's modulus values. The in-plane rotation of the footplate is greatest when the incudostapedial joint is effectively rigid. The joint compresses most when it is extremely flexible and less as the joint becomes less flexible. The joint compression is greater than the joint shear. The displacement pattern of the eardrum is relatively insensitive to changes in the joint stitfness. RÉSUMÉOn a modifié lm modèle aux éléments finis de l'oreille moyenne du chat, afin d'inclure une représentation à coque mince de l'articulation incudostapédiale. Une pression acoustique unitonne, à basse fréquence, fut appliquée au tympan. La rigidité de l'articulation fut variée entre des valeurs très faibles et des valeurs très élevées. On a examiné les déplacements résultants de la platine stapédiale, de l'articulation incudostapédiale, du manubrium et du tympan. La platine s'incline de façon antéropostérieure et inférosupérieure pour presque toutes les valeurs de rigidité. La rotation dans le plan de la platine est la plus grande lorsque l'articulation incudostapédiale est rigide. L'articulation est comprimée le plus lorsqu'elle est très flexible, et moins quand elle devient moins flexible. La compression de l'articulation est plus importante que sa distorsion latérale. La fonne des déplacements du tympan change relativement peu lorsqu'on change la rigidité de l'articulation. c ( ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Homograft Tympanic Membrane Myringoplasty

Brandow¹

1976

Arch Otolaryngol

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• During a six-year period, homograft tympanic membranes have been used successfully for myringoplasty or tympanoplasty in 85% of 175 cases. This percentage is not as high as might be expected with fascia, and the homografts have not been as dependable in the wet, draining ear. However, the results do show that the homograft is an acceptable grafting material. The eardrums are not suggested as substitutes for fascia, but should be available for difficult cases. Their use is indicated in large or total defects to restore the natural anatomical conical shape of the eardrum, particularly in congenital atresia. The prime indication for their use is a missing malleus, and the malleus handle can be included within the transplant. The eardrum's rigid properties and the possibility of inclusion of ossicles make the homografts valuable in reconstruction of the old mastoid cavity.

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The Role of the Tympanic Membrane in Middle Ear Transmission

Cited by 97 publications

References 10 publications

Wave motion on the surface of the human tympanic membrane: Holographic measurement and modeling analysis

Wave motion on the surface of the human tympanic membrane: Holographic measurement and modeling analysis

On the effects of incudostapedial joint flexibility in a finite-element model of the cat middle ear

Homograft Tympanic Membrane Myringoplasty

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