Wave motion on the surface of the human tympanic membrane: Holographic measurement and modeling analysis

Cheng, Jeffrey; Hamade, Mohamad; Merchant, Saumil N.; Rosowski, John J.; Harrington, Ellery; Furlong, Cosme

doi:10.1121/1.4773263

Cited by 78 publications

(115 citation statements)

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“…Recently, the full-field TM surface motion was measured using the multi-point LDV measurement (Fay et al 2005;Maftoon et al 2013), timeaverage Rosowski et al 2009) or stroboscopic holographic interferometry ; Del Socorro Hernandez-Montes et al, Cheng et al 2010Cheng et al , 2013Rosowski et al 2011), optical coherence tomography (Djalilian, et al 2008), and scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (Huber et al 2001). The experimental measurements demonstrated that the TM motion pattern was relatively simple with one area of maximal displacement at low frequencies (below 2,000 Hz) dominating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Modeling Study of Human Tympanic Membrane Motion in the Presence of Middle Ear Liquid

Zhang

Guan

Nakmali

et al. 2014

JARO

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Vibration of the tympanic membrane (TM) has been measured at the umbo using laser Doppler vibrometry and analyzed with finite element (FE) models of the human ear. Recently, full-field TM surface motion has been reported using scanning laser Doppler vibrometry, holographic interferometry, and optical coherence tomography. Technologies for imaging human TM motion have the potential to lead to using a dedicated clinical diagnosis tool for identification of middle ear diseases. However, the effect of middle ear fluid (liquid) on TM surface motion is still not clear. In this study, a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer was used to measure the full-field surface motion of the TM from four human temporal bones. TM displacements were measured under normal and diseasemimicking conditions with different middle ear liquid levels over frequencies ranging from 0.2 to 8 kHz. An FE model of the human ear, including the ear canal, middle ear, and spiral cochlea was used to simulate the motion of the TM in normal and diseasemimicking conditions. The results from both experiments and FE model show that a simple deflection shape with one or two major displacement peak regions of the TM in normal ear was observed at low frequencies (1 kHz and below) while complicated ring-like pattern of the deflection shapes appeared at higher frequencies (4 kHz and above). The liquid in middle ear mainly affected TM deflection shapes at the frequencies higher than 1 kHz.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Modeling Study of Human Tympanic Membrane Motion in the Presence of Middle Ear Liquid

Zhang

Guan

Nakmali

et al. 2014

JARO

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“…Certain mammalian middle ear models have considered the TyM to behave as a transmission line that causes a delay of approximately 40 μs [14]. However, it is unclear if direct physiological measurements of TyM motion are consistent with such a framework, as there is not always clear evidence for an inward-traveling wave carrying energy to the inner ear [2,3,8]. We note that the delays observed here for the bullfrog TyM are consistent with delays observed at the level of the inner ear [4,7] and are approximately an order of magnitude longer than those observed for mammalian middle ear delay for animals such as the gerbil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slow dynamics of the amphibian tympanic membrane

Bergevin¹,

Meenderink²,

Heijden³

et al. 2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Several studies have demonstrated that delays associated with evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) largely originate from filter delays of resonant elements in the inner ear. However, one vertebrate group is an exception: Anuran (frogs and toads) amphibian OAEs exhibit relatively long delays (several milliseconds), yet relatively broad tuning. These delays, also apparent in auditory nerve fiber (ANF) responses, have been partially attributed to the middle ear (ME), with a total forward delay of ∼0.7 ms (∼30 times longer than in gerbil). However, ME forward delays only partially account for the longer delays of OAEs and ANF responses. We used scanning laser Doppler vibrometery to map surface velocity over the tympanic membrane (TyM) of anesthetized bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Our main finding is a circularly-symmetric wave on the TyM surface, starting at the outer edges of the TyM and propagating inward towards the center (the site of the ossicular attachment). This wave exists for frequencies ∼0.75-3 kHz, overlapping the range of bullfrog hearing (∼0.05-1.7 kHz). Group delays associated with this wave varied from 0.4 to 1.2 ms and correlated with with TyM diameter, which ranged from ∼6-16 mm. These delays correspond well to those from previous ME measurements. Presumably the TyM waves stem from biomechanical constraints of semi-aquatic species with a relatively large tympanum. We investigated some of these constraints by measuring the pressure ratio across the TyM (∼10-30 dB drop, delay of ∼0.35 ms), the effects of ossicular interruption, the changes due to physiological state of TyM ('dry-out'), and by calculating the middle-ear input impedance. In summary, we found a slow, inward-traveling wave on the TyM surface that accounts for a substantial fraction of the relatively long otoacoustic and neurophysiological delays previously observed in the anuran inner ear.

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“…The lateral surface of the TM was then painted with a thin coat of zinc oxide (ZnO) suspended in distilled water at a concentration of 60 mg/cc to increase the light reflected from the surface. Such painting has been demonstrated to have little effect on the measured motion Cheng et al, 2013).…”

Section: A Preparation and The Use Of Human Temporal Bonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bones were either fresh or previously frozen at the time of preparation. The preparation of the temporal bones has been described previously (Cheng et al, 2010;Cheng et al, 2013;Cheng et al, 2015) and included (a) removal of the cartilaginous and most of the boney ear canal to expose over 90% of the lateral TM surface, (b) drilling out the mastoid and opening the facial recess to inspect the stapes and round window, and (c) opening the epitympanic space to view the malleus and incus head. After preparation, the bones were lightly fixed in Thiel solution (Thiel, 2002) for more than two weeks; this degree of fixation has been demonstrated to have only small effects on sound-induced stapes and umbo velocities (Stieger et al, 2012), and has been demonstrated to have little effect on the patterns of TM motion in treated human temporal bones (personal observation).…”

Section: A Preparation and The Use Of Human Temporal Bonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While there are multiple model descriptions of TM structure and function, progressing from simple piston models (Shaw and Stinson, 1983), through curved-membrane catenary-dependent models (Goll and Dalhoff, 2011), to complex three-dimensional (3D) finite element models (e.g., Funnell et al, 1987;Williams and Lesser, 1990;Blayney et al, 1997;Gan et al, 2002;Koike et al, 2002;Fay et al, 2005), there is no complete description of how the surface of the TM moves in response to sound to test these models. The most complete descriptions of sound-induced TM motion come from recent stroboscopic holography measurements that quantify the sound-induced displacement at over 500 000 points on the TM surface, but only along a single measurement direction (Cheng et al, 2010;Cheng et al, 2013;Cheng et al, 2015). The detailed TM motion data from such one-dimensional (1D) holographic measurements have been used to better characterize mechanical parameters of the TM, such as damping varying with frequency (De Greef et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-plane and out-of-plane motions of the human tympanic membrane

Khaleghi

Cheng

Furlong

et al. 2016

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Computer-controlled digital holographic techniques are developed and used to measure shape and four-dimensional nano-scale displacements of the surface of the tympanic membrane (TM) in cadaveric human ears in response to tonal sounds. The combination of these measurements (shape and sound-induced motions) allows the calculation of the out-of-plane (perpendicular to the surface) and in-plane (tangential) motion components at over 1 000 000 points on the TM surface with a high-degree of accuracy and sensitivity. A general conclusion is that the in-plane motion components are 10-20 dB smaller than the out-of-plane motions. These conditions are most often compromised with higher-frequency sound stimuli where the overall displacements are smaller, or the spatial density of holographic fringes is higher, both of which increase the uncertainty of the measurements. The results are consistent with the TM acting as a Kirchhoff-Love's thin shell dominated by out-of-plane motion with little in-plane motion, at least with stimulus frequencies up to 8 kHz.

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Wave motion on the surface of the human tympanic membrane: Holographic measurement and modeling analysis

Cited by 78 publications

References 50 publications

Experimental and Modeling Study of Human Tympanic Membrane Motion in the Presence of Middle Ear Liquid

Experimental and Modeling Study of Human Tympanic Membrane Motion in the Presence of Middle Ear Liquid

Slow dynamics of the amphibian tympanic membrane

In-plane and out-of-plane motions of the human tympanic membrane

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