The Role of TiO<sub>2</sub>Doping on RuO<sub>2</sub>-Coated Electrodes for the Water Oxidation Reaction

Näslund, Lars-Åke; Sánchez‐Sánchez, Carlos M.; Ingason, Arni Sigurdur; Bäckström, Joakim; Herrero, Enrique; Rosén, Johanna; Holmin, Susanne

doi:10.1021/jp308941g

Cited by 110 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…RuO2 that has lost charge shows a significant reduction of the satellite feature and the obtained satellite peaks from the peak fitting of the reference RuO2/Ni electrode, shown in Figure 1, should therefore not be included. 24 The result of the peak fitting is presented in Figure 5 and shows that the broadening of the Ru 3d5/2 can be fitted with three spectra of RuO2 main peaks that are shifted toward higher binding energies by 0.5-1.3 eV, which indicates a charge transfer away from the Ru atom. The charge transfer is most likely a consequence of the incorporated hydrogen that needs to be screened and because of small variations in the position of the hydrogen the interaction with the surrounding Ru atoms will be affected leading to different degree of shift for the Ru 3d5/2 as well as Ru 3d3/2.…”

Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 96%

Formation of RuO(OH)₂ on RuO₂-Based Electrodes for Hydrogen Production

et al. 2014

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The catalytic and durable electrode coating of ruthenium dioxide (RuO2), applied on nickel (Ni) substrates, is today utilized as electrocatalytic cathodes for hydrogen production, e.g., in the chlor-alkali process and alkaline water electrolysis. The drawback is, however, the sensitivity to reverse currents obtained during power shutdowns, e.g. at maintenance, where the RuO2-based electrodes can be severely damaged unless polarization rectifiers are employed.Through the material characterization techniques X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron 2 spectroscopy we can now reveal that RuO2 coatings, when exposed to hydrogen evolution at industrially relevant conditions, transforms into ruthenium oxyhydroxide (RuO(OH)2). The study further shows that as the hydrogen evolution proceeds the formed RuO(OH)2 reduces to metallic ruthenium (Ru).

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Section: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 96%

Formation of RuO(OH)₂ on RuO₂-Based Electrodes for Hydrogen Production

et al. 2014

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“…The Ru 3d peaks are broader and have shifted to higher binding energy by 1 eV compared to the ALD-Ru film, signifying a more oxidized chemical state. 22,31,32,37 Under ALD conditions, the presence of TiO 2 appears to favor the deposition of RuO 2 over metallic Ru.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolating the Photovoltaic Junction: Atomic Layer Deposited TiO₂–RuO₂ Alloy Schottky Contacts for Silicon Photoanodes

Hendricks¹,

Scheuermann²,

Schmidt

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. Embargo information Access to this article is restricted until 12 months after publication by the request of the publisher. Just Accepted "Just Accepted" manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides "Just Accepted" as a free service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. "Just Accepted" manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. "Just Accepted" manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are accessible to all readers and citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). "Just Accepted" is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the "Just Accepted" Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the "Just Accepted" Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these "Just Accepted" manuscripts. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 2 transport is measured as film thickness increases from 3 to 45 nm for alloy compositions ≥ 16% Rights Embargo lift dateRu. Silicon photoanodes with a 2 nm surface SiO 2 layer that are coated by these alloy Schottky contacts having compositions in the range of 13-46% RuO 2 exhibit average photovoltages of 525 mV, with a maximum photovoltage of 570 mV achieved. Depositing TiO 2 -RuO 2 alloys on nSi sets a high effective work function for the Schottky junction with the semiconductor substrate, thus generating a large photovoltage that is isolated from the properties of an overlying oxygen evolution catalyst or protection layer.

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“…Despite low terrestrial abundance and the high cost of ruthenium and iridium, they are stable and highly active for water oxidation. [116][117][118][119] They have been coupled with photoanodes as co-catalysts to enhance PEC water splitting efficiencies. Deposition of RuO 2 nanoparticles onto α-Fe 2 O 3 photoanodes by a spray pyrolytic method reduced the onset potential of the photocurrent by ca.…”

Section: -7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Update: Strategies for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting using metal oxide photoanodes

Cho¹,

Jang²,

Lee³

et al. 2014

APL Materials

127

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Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting to hydrogen is an attractive method for capturing and storing the solar energy in the form of chemical energy. Metal oxides are promising photoanode materials due to their low-cost synthetic routes and higher stability than other semiconductors. In this paper, we provide an overview of recent efforts to improve PEC efficiencies via applying a variety of fabrication strategies to metal oxide photoanodes including (i) size and morphology-control, (ii) metal oxide heterostructuring, (iii) dopant incorporation, (iv) attachments of quantum dots as sensitizer, (v) attachments of plasmonic metal nanoparticles, and (vi) co-catalyst coupling. Each strategy highlights the underlying principles and mechanisms for the performance enhancements.

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The Role of TiO₂Doping on RuO₂-Coated Electrodes for the Water Oxidation Reaction

Cited by 110 publications

References 50 publications

Formation of RuO(OH)₂ on RuO₂-Based Electrodes for Hydrogen Production

Formation of RuO(OH)₂ on RuO₂-Based Electrodes for Hydrogen Production

Isolating the Photovoltaic Junction: Atomic Layer Deposited TiO₂–RuO₂ Alloy Schottky Contacts for Silicon Photoanodes

Research Update: Strategies for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting using metal oxide photoanodes

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The Role of TiO2Doping on RuO2-Coated Electrodes for the Water Oxidation Reaction

Cited by 110 publications

References 50 publications

Formation of RuO(OH)2 on RuO2-Based Electrodes for Hydrogen Production

Formation of RuO(OH)2 on RuO2-Based Electrodes for Hydrogen Production

Isolating the Photovoltaic Junction: Atomic Layer Deposited TiO2–RuO2 Alloy Schottky Contacts for Silicon Photoanodes

Research Update: Strategies for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting using metal oxide photoanodes

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Resources

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The Role of TiO₂Doping on RuO₂-Coated Electrodes for the Water Oxidation Reaction

Formation of RuO(OH)₂ on RuO₂-Based Electrodes for Hydrogen Production

Formation of RuO(OH)₂ on RuO₂-Based Electrodes for Hydrogen Production

Isolating the Photovoltaic Junction: Atomic Layer Deposited TiO₂–RuO₂ Alloy Schottky Contacts for Silicon Photoanodes