The Role of Urinary Cadmium on Liver Function and Erythrocytes Cell Count in Pregnancy

Abstract

Abstract-Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal, which is used in many industries and was confirmed as an environmental toxin and mainly effects haematological system and liver. Previous studies showed that Cd induced damage of the liver and influenced erythrocytes. The effect of Cd in haematological system and liver function especially in pregant women has not been much studied. Thus our study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of cadmium exposure on erythrocytes and liver function in pregnant women by measuring their correlation on the number of erythrocytes and the levels of Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alanine Transmainase (ALT). This study was performed between July to December 2013 and targeted 58 pregnant women who were admitted for treatment and termination of pregnancy due to medical or obstetrical indications in Mutiara Bunda Mother and Child Hospital, Martapura, South Kalimantan, Indoneseia. For analyzing of the data, SPSS software version 17 was used and was examined by Pearson correlation test. We found that Cd has a negative correlation with erythroctes cell count and ALT levels and a positive correlation with AST levels, but the three correlations are not significant on statistical analysis. It can be concluded from our results Cd caused erythrocytes cells and tissue damage but did not cause liver damage.Index Terms-Alanine transaminase, aspartate transmainase, cadmium, erythrocytes, pregnant women.

Biochemical and Histological Evidence on the Protective Effects of Allium hirtifolium Boiss (Persian Shallot) as an Herbal Supplement in Cadmium‐Induced Hepatotoxicity

“…Clinical studies have also confirmed the significance of hepatotoxicity induced by Cd, which is present in soil, water, food (dietary intake), and air (smoking and air pollution), and considered an important health concern [15,[29][30][31]. Other studies have also shown the positive correlation of serum Cd concentrations with liver enzyme levels (ALT, AST, and ALP) in Korean adults [32] and Indonesian pregnant women [33], which is consistent with this study. According to the evidence, the body has a limited capacity to Cd exposure, and the long-term exposure to Cd accumulates Cd and causes toxicity in several organs, such as liver and kidneys and impair their function [34][35][36], indicating the toxic effect of Cd in different organ systems [37].…”

In Vitro Diabetogenic Effect of Cadmium on Liver

“…Cadmium (Cd) is a widely but sparsely distributed element found in the earth's crust and is primarily association with zinc ore. Cd is a common by product of processing zincbearing ore [1][2] . It has long been recognized as one of the most toxic elements because its tend to have a slow elimination rate and its half-life in the human body ranges between 10-30 years [3][4][5] .…”