The Role of Vicarious and Anticipated Strain on the Overlap of Violent Perpetration and Victimization: A Test of General Strain Theory

Zavala, Egbert; Spohn, Ryan E.

doi:10.1007/s12103-012-9163-5

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…According to Agnew, vicarious collective strains are more likely to lead to negative coping strategies when they are high in magnitude and considered unjust, when they affect closely related others, when they are directly witnessed or experienced by the individual, when they are unresolved, and seen to be likely to affect the individual. Research generally supports the link between vicarious strain-in particular physical victimization-and offending behavior (Baron 2009;Lin, Cochran, and Mieczkowski 2011;Zavala and Spohn 2013).…”

Section: Theoretical Background General Strain Theorymentioning

confidence: 88%

Developmental Predictors of Violent Extremist Attitudes

Nivette

Eisner

Ribeaud

2017

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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Objectives: This study examines the influence of collective strain on support for violent extremism among an ethnically diverse sample of Swiss adolescents. This study explores two claims derived from general strain theory:(1) Exposure to collective strain is associated with higher support for violent extremism and (2) the effect of collective strain is conditional on perceptions of moral and legal constraints. Methods: This study uses data from two waves of the Zurich Project on the Social Development of Children and Youth. We use ordinary least squares procedures to regress violent extremist attitudes at age 17 on strain, moral and legal constraints, and control variables measured at ages 15 to 17. Conditional effects were examined using an interaction term for collective strain and moral neutralization and legal cynicism, respectively. Results: The results show that collective strain does not have a direct effect on violent extremist attitudes

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Section: Theoretical Background General Strain Theorymentioning

confidence: 88%

Developmental Predictors of Violent Extremist Attitudes

Nivette

Eisner

Ribeaud

2017

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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“…A growing list of empirical studies have established a link between gang membership and violent victimization (Barnes et al 2012;Childs et al 2009;Decker and Pyrooz 2010;DeLisi et al 2009;Fox et al 2013;Gibson et al 2009;Gover et al 2009;Katz et al 2011;Ozer and Engel 2011;Pyrooz et al 2014;Rufino et al 2012;Sweeten et al 2013;Spano et al 2008;Taylor et al 2007Taylor et al , 2008Zavala and Spohn 2013). Drawn from wide and diverse research designs that span a range of demographic groups and sampling frames, this body of evidence is large enough that few would dispute the fact that gang members are victims of violence at a rate that is much higher than their peers who are not in gangs.…”

Section: Gang Membership and Violent Victimization In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples include self-control(Childs et al 2009;Fox et al 2013;Pyrooz et al 2014;Taylor et al 2007Taylor et al , 2008, neutralizations and peer commitmentTaylor et al 2007Taylor et al , 2008, routine activities and lifestyles(Katz et al 2011;Pyrooz et al 2014;Taylor et al 2007Taylor et al , 2008Zavala and Spohn 2013), and social controls(Taylor et al 2007Zavala and Spohn 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the Pathways Between Gang Membership and Violent Victimization

Pyrooz

2015

J Quant Criminol

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Objectives Gang members are more likely to be victimized violently than non-gang youth, but the extent to which this relationship is confounded, direct, or mediated remains unclear. This study responds to recent calls by scholars for more methodologically sound research in this area with the goal of uncovering the pathways between gang membership and violent victimization.Methods Using a school-based longitudinal sample of adolescents, the current study uses Preacher and Hayes multiple mediator structural equation modeling and counterfactual methodology to test whether and which theoretical pathways-self-control, cultural orientations, routine activity, and lifestyle theory-mediate the contemporaneous and prospective effects of gang membership on violent victimization. ResultsThe results indicate that 27 % of the contemporaneous effects of gang membership on victimization is attributable to selection, with the remaining 73 % endogenous to gang membership, supporting Thornberry et al.'s (J Res Crime Delinquency 30:55-87, 1993) enhancement model. Entry into a gang increases risk taking, temper, self-centeredness, negative peer commitment, neutralization of violence, aggressive conflict resolution, unstructured socializing, and delinquency, and decreases empathy and positive peer commitment. The contemporaneous gang membership-victimization link was fully mediated, due almost entirely to delinquency. Prospective models reveal a gang membership-victimization link that is fully confounded by selection, although attrition and desistance from gangs may be responsible for this finding.Conclusions The existing risky attitudes and behaviors of youth who select into gangs matters a great deal for understanding the gang membership-victimization link, but these very risks are exacerbated upon entry into a gang. Our mediation findings suggest that interventions targeting highly delinquent gang members should pay dual dividends of reducing delinquency and victimization.

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“…While Agnew (1992) developed GST through a social psychological lens to expand upon Merton’s (1938) original strain theory and explain juvenile delinquency, the theory has been employed to examine a multitude of criminal and delinquent behaviors. Throughout the years, the relationship between strain and crime has found continued empirical support, suggesting that as strain increases, one’s likelihood of engaging in crime or delinquency also increases (e.g., Baron, 2004, 2006; Broidy, 2001; Cullen et al, 2008; Ford & Schroeder, 2009; Manasse & Ganem, 2009; Schroeder & Ford, 2012; Stogner & Gibson, 2010, 2011; Zavala & Spohn, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental and physical health in prison: how co-occurring conditions influence inmate misconduct

Semenza

Grosholz

2019

Health Justice

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Background Research has shown that inmate misconduct is related to a range of demographic factors and experiences with the criminal justice system. Poor mental and physical health has also been associated with inmate misconduct, although no research has examined the relationship between co-occurring conditions and misconduct in prison populations. Methods We rely on data from the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities ( N = 14,499) and use negative binomial regression models to examine the relationship between types of co-occurring mental and physical conditions and misconduct. Results The results demonstrate that people in prison dealing with concurrent mental and physical health problems are significantly more likely to engage in prison misconduct than healthy incarcerated individuals. After accounting for physical and co-occurring health conditions, mental conditions are not associated with serious misconduct. Conclusions Enhancements in prison healthcare may not only improve the general health of those in prison, but also contribute to a decrease in misconduct. Research that examines the relationship between mental health and deviant behavior in and out of prison should consider the multifaceted elements of a person’s health, including acute and chronic physical ailments.

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The Role of Vicarious and Anticipated Strain on the Overlap of Violent Perpetration and Victimization: A Test of General Strain Theory

Cited by 45 publications

References 100 publications

Developmental Predictors of Violent Extremist Attitudes

Developmental Predictors of Violent Extremist Attitudes

Uncovering the Pathways Between Gang Membership and Violent Victimization

Mental and physical health in prison: how co-occurring conditions influence inmate misconduct

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