The role of visual similarity in picture categorization.

Snodgrass, Joan G.; McCullough, Brian P.

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.12.1.147

Cited by 128 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Picture naming involves three main processing stages: object recognition, semantic activation, and lexical access (Humphreys, Riddoch, & Quinlan, 1988;Snodgrass & McCullough, 1986;Wheeldon & Monsell, 1992). In brief, after a familiar pictured object is perceptually analyzed, the object's stored visual (or structural) representation is activated during object recognition.…”

Section: Age Of Acquisition Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age of acquisition and repetition priming effects on picture naming of children who do and do not stutter

Anderson

2008

Journal of Fluency Disorders

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The effects of age of acquisition and repetition priming on picture naming latencies and errors were studied in 22 children who stutter (CWS) and 22 children who do not stutter (CWNS) between the ages of 3;1 and 5;7. Children participated in a computerized picture naming task where they named pictures of both early and late acquired (AoA) words in two consecutive stages. Findings revealed that all children's picture naming latencies and errors were reduced following repetition priming and in response to early AoA words relative to late AoA words. AoA and repetition priming effects were similar for children in both talker groups, with one exception. Namely, CWS benefitted significantly more, in terms of error reduction, than CWNS from repetition priming for late AoA words. In addition, CWNS exhibited a significant, positive association between linguistic speed and measures of vocabulary, but CWS did not. These findings were taken to suggest that the (a) semanticphonological connections of CWS may not be as strong as those of CWNS, and (b) lexical measures may not be sensitive enough to differentiate CWS from CWNS in lexically-related aspects of language production.

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Section: Age Of Acquisition Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age of acquisition and repetition priming effects on picture naming of children who do and do not stutter

Anderson

2008

Journal of Fluency Disorders

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“…Facilitatory effects from withincategory visual similarity have been known to contribute to categorization performance for pictures (Snodgrass & McCullough, 1986). For example, most fruits have the same round overall shape, and perception of this feature may facilitate rapid categorization.…”

Section: Picture Superioritymentioning

confidence: 99%

The picture superiority effect in a cross-modality recognition task

1995

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Words and pictures were studied, and recognition tests were given in which each studied object was to be recognized in both word and picture format. The main dependent variable was the latency of the recognition decision. The purpose was to investigate the effects of study modality (word or picture), of congruence between study and test modalities, and of priming resulting from repeated testing. Experiments 1 and 2 used the same basic design, but the latter also varied retention interval. Experiment 3 added a manipulation of instructions to name studied objects, and Experiment 4 deviated from the others by presenting both picture and word referring to the same object together for study. The results showed that congruence between study and test modalities consistently facilitated recognition. Furthermore, items studied as pictures were more rapidly recognized than were items studied as words. With repeated testing, the second instance was affected by its predecessor, but the facilitating effect of picture-to-word priming exceeded that of word-to-picture priming. The findings suggest a two-stage recognition process, in which the first is based on perceptual familiarity and the second uses semantic links for a retrieval search. Common-code theories that grant privileged access to the semantic code for pictures or, alternatively, dual-code theories that assume mnemonic superiority for the image code are supported by the findings. Explanations of the picture superiority effect as resulting from dual encoding of pictures are not supported by the data.

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“…Whereas "common semantic system" or "single code" models hypothesize that words and pictures converge upon a single, amodal semantic store (e.g. [7,28,54,56,58,63]), "multiple semantic system" or "dual code" models suggest instead that pictures and words are processed in distinct, specialized semantic systems (e.g. [51][52][53]62]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picture the difference: electrophysiological investigations of picture processing in the two cerebral hemispheres

2002

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The nature of semantic memory and the role of the two cerebral hemispheres in meaning processing were examined using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) elicited by pictures in sentences. Participants read sentence pairs ending with the lateralized presentation of three target types: (1) expected pictures, (2) unexpected pictures from the expected semantic category, and (3) unexpected pictures from an unexpected category. ERPs to contextually unexpected pictures were more negative 350-500 ms (larger N400s) than those to expected pictures in both visual fields. However, while N400s to the two types of unexpected items did not differ with left visual field presentations, they were smaller to the unexpected items from the expected category with right visual field presentations. This pattern, previously observed to words [Brain Language 62 (1998) 149], suggests general differences in how the two hemispheres use context on-line. Other aspects of the N400 response-and effects on earlier ERP components-reveal differences between pictures and words, suggesting that semantic memory access is not modality-independent. The P2 component varied with ending type for right but not left visual field presentations, suggesting that the left hemisphere may use contextual information to prepare for the visual analysis of upcoming stimuli. Furthermore, there was clear evidence for an earlier negativity ("N300"), which varied with ending type but, unlike the N400, was unaffected by visual field of presentation. Overall, the results support our hypothesis that the left hemisphere actively uses top-down information to preactivate perceptual and semantic features of upcoming stimuli, while the right hemisphere adopts a "wait and see" integrative approach.

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The role of visual similarity in picture categorization.

Cited by 128 publications

References 23 publications

Age of acquisition and repetition priming effects on picture naming of children who do and do not stutter

Age of acquisition and repetition priming effects on picture naming of children who do and do not stutter

The picture superiority effect in a cross-modality recognition task

Picture the difference: electrophysiological investigations of picture processing in the two cerebral hemispheres

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