The Role of Vitamin C Administration in Alleviation of Organ Damage in Rats Infected with Trypanosoma brucei.

Umar, I.A.; Toh, Zipporah A.; Igbalajobi, Funnilayo I.; Gidado, Abubakar; Buratai, L. B.

doi:10.3164/jcbn.28.1

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Reactive oxygen radicals generated during infections such as trypanosomosis can attack erythrocyte membrane, induce its oxidation and thus trigger haemolysis [23]. The administration of DF was shown in the present study to ameliorate the anaemia induced by the trypanosomes which is in consistent with other findings [3,[26][27][28][29] in rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei and treated with antioxidant vitamins. This study has demonstrated that DF possesses in vivo ability to protect erythrocytes from haemolysis probably due its antioxidant activity; scavenging the ROS produced during the infection thus, causing reduction in the susceptibility of erythrocytes membrane to destruction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Haematological Changes in Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Wistar Rats Treated with a Flavonoid Mixture and/or Diminazene Aceturate

Pi¹,

Ayo²,

Aluwong³

et al. 2014

Biol Med (Aligarh)

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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with DAFLON® 500 mg (DF) and/or diminazene aceturate (DZ) on hematological parameters in rats, infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Rats in the control group were administered with distilled water (DW) only (5 mL/kg), while those in other groups were infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei (10 6 cells/ml), and treated with DF and/or DZ. Packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, erythrocyte (RBC) and neutrophil counts were lower in the infected untreated and DF-treated group, than in any other group. Total leucocyte, lymphocyte, platelet counts and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) decreased in the infected untreated group, compared to values obtained in those administered with DF and/or DZ. The MCV reduced in the DZ-treated group, compared to the groups treated with DF and the combination of DF and DZ. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was lower in the infected untreated and DF treated group than in the DW or DZ group. Rats administered with DZ had higher leucocyte and lymphocyte counts compared to those in DF-treated group. It is concluded that the administration of DF and/or DZ ameliorated the anaemia caused by Trypanosoma brucei brucei -infection in Wistar rats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Haematological Changes in Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Wistar Rats Treated with a Flavonoid Mixture and/or Diminazene Aceturate

Pi¹,

Ayo²,

Aluwong³

et al. 2014

Biol Med (Aligarh)

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“…Indeed, severe hypoglycemia has been attributed to be the cause of death in trypanosomiasis (24,25), and parenteral administration of glucose has been shown to delay, but not prevent death, suggesting the involvement of more than one pathogenic process (25). Moreover, mice chronically infected with T. brucei gambiense had significantly increased levels of pyruvate, and lactate, among other metabolites, pointing to an increased glycogen mobilization and increased catabolic activity (26), which is in line with our observations. We noted the depletion of plasma amino acids, including glutamine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine in plasma samples obtained from T. brucei brucei-infected mice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In addition, there was an associated increase in urinary concentrations of the keto acids, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate and 2-oxoisovalerate. This association suggested that there was stimulation of ketogenesis in T. brucei brucei-infected mice because ketogenic amino acids are capable of producing keto acids via aminotransferases (26). A decreasing valine to alanine ratio in plasma samples from infected, but not control, animals was noted from day 7 postinfection persisting over the study duration, which concurs with the hypothesis of increased ketogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Global metabolic responses of mice to Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection

Wang

Utzinger²,

Saric

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

126

185

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Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is transmitted by tsetse flies and, if untreated, is fatal. Treatment depends on infection stage, and early diagnosis is crucial for effective disease management. The systemic host biochemical changes induced by HAT that enable biomarker discovery or relate to therapeutic outcome are largely unknown. We have characterized the multivariate temporal responses of mice to Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection, using 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic metabolic phenotyping of urine and plasma. Marked alterations in plasma metabolic profiles were detected already 1 day postinfection. Elevated plasma concentrations of lactate, branched chain amino acids, and acetylglycoprotein fragments were noted. T. brucei brucei-infected mice also had an imbalance of plasma alanine and valine, consistent with differential gluconeogenesis (parasite)-ketogenesis (host) pathway counterflux, involving stimulated host glycolysis, ketogenesis, and enhanced lipid oxidation in the host. Histopathologic evidence of T. brucei brucei-induced extramedullary hepatic hemopoiesis, renal interstitial nephritis, and a provoked inflammatory response was also noted. Metabolic disturbance of gut microbiotal activity was associated with infection, as indicated by changes in the urinary concentrations of the microbial co-metabolites, including hippurate. Concluding, parasite infection results in multiple systemic biochemical effects in the host and disturbance of the symbiotic gut microbial metabolic interactions. Investigation of these transgenomic metabolic alterations may underpin the development of new diagnostic criteria and metrics of therapeutic efficacy. diagnosis ͉ metabonomics ͉ NMR spectroscopy ͉ trypanosomiasis

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“…It could also be possible that the experimental period was short for reversal of the anemia. Elevation in the levels of serum ALT and AST as well as creatinine and urea concentrations have all been reported in experimental trypanosome infections Umar et al, 2000) partly due to the generation of free radicals and superoxides during trypanosomal infection which causes degenerative changes in vital tissues and organs of infected animals (Umar et al, 2007). The pfks significantly (p50.05) alleviated the disease-induced renal damage in all treatment groups but alleviated the associated hepatic damage in the ITH group only.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Phenolics-rich fraction ofKhaya senegalensisstem bark: Antitrypanosomal activity and amelioration of some parasite-induced pathological changes

Ibrahim

Musa²,

Aliyu

et al. 2013

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: The stem bark of Khaya senegalensis A. Juss (Meliaceae) is currently used for the treatment of trypanosomiasis by traditional practitioners in Nigeria.Objectives: The present study investigated the anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei activity of phenolics-rich fraction of K. senegalensis (pfks) and its ameliorative effects on trypanosomeinduced pathological changes. Materials and methods: The fraction was initially analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A 60 min time course experiment was conducted with various concentrations of the fraction using a 96-well microtiter plate technique and was further used to treat T. brucei infected rats at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight (BW). Indices of anemia as well as hepatic and renal functions were analyzed in all experimental animals at the end of the experiment. Results: The GC-MS analysis of the pfks revealed that the most abundant phytochemicals are phloroglucinol (40.56%) and 3,4-(dihydroxyphenyl) acetic acid (41.76%). The fraction showed a concentration dependent in vitro antitrypanosomal activity. Interestingly, the fraction completely eliminated the parasites from the bloodstream of infected rats without relapse during the experimental period at the dose of 300 mg/kg BW and also kept the parasites consistently lower at 100 and 200 mg/kg BW than that was recorded in the untreated infected rats. Furthermore, the severity of T. brucei-induced anemia and hepatic damage was significantly (p50.05) ameliorated in the 300 mg/kg BW treatment group whereas the parasite-induced renal damage was significantly (p50.05) ameliorated in all treatment groups. Conclusion: Data from this study may suggest that phenolics play an important role in the antitrypanosomal activity of K. senegalensis.

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The Role of Vitamin C Administration in Alleviation of Organ Damage in Rats Infected with Trypanosoma brucei.

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Haematological Changes in Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Wistar Rats Treated with a Flavonoid Mixture and/or Diminazene Aceturate

Haematological Changes in Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Wistar Rats Treated with a Flavonoid Mixture and/or Diminazene Aceturate

Global metabolic responses of mice to Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection

Phenolics-rich fraction ofKhaya senegalensisstem bark: Antitrypanosomal activity and amelioration of some parasite-induced pathological changes

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