The role of vitamin D deficiency in the etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome disorders

Nutrients as novel therapeutic approaches for metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome

“…On the other hand, moderate weight loss can increase 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels and this raise is correlated with beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity (Tzotzas et al, 2010[75]). Hence, life style interventions such as weight management program (Tzotzas et al, 2010[75]) and vitamin D administration can be useful to treat obese PCOS patients (Yildizhan et al, 2009[80]) and PCOS women with low 25(OH)D serum levels (Brzozowska and Karowicz-Bilińska, 2013[9]). Finally, a very recent systematic review examined the effects of vitamin D on metabolic abnormalities and suggested an inverse association between these two parameters in women suffering from PCOS (Krul-Poel et al, 2013[37]).…”

Clinical and hormonal features of women with polycystic ovary syndrome living in rural and urban areas

“…Both prenatal and postnatal factors are postulated to be important for its pathogenesis. Many studies have been performed to explain the pathogenesis of the disease, and results indicate genetic and environmental factors to be elusive [1,6,7,8,9]. Genetic susceptibility seems to induce the disease, but extrinsic factors certainly modify the clinical picture of PCOS and influences its' variety.…”

“…Clinical trials showed a hereditary pattern of PCOS in some families; however, even in the same family phenotypes vary widely, which suggests that not only genetic factors are involved in PCOS pathology [6]. Known environmental risk factors playing a role in PCOS pathogenesis are: in utero exposure of the foetus to androgen excess, tobacco and alcohol use, socioeconomic status related with parental and personal education level, premature pubarche, peripubertal stress, nutrition, physical activity, obesity, medications and environment pollution [7,8,9]. Considering the disease pathogenesis and risk factors, special attention must be paid for the influence of ethnic origin, geographical location and culture on PCOS expression [1].…”

Clinical and hormonal features of women with polycystic ovary syndrome living in rural and urban areas

“…Both prenatal and postnatal factors are postulated to be important for its pathogenesis. Many studies have been performed to explain the pathogenesis of the disease, and results indicate genetic and environmental factors to be elusive [1,6,7,8,9]. Genetic susceptibility seems to induce the disease, but extrinsic factors certainly modify the clinical picture of PCOS and influences its' variety.…”

“…Clinical trials showed a hereditary pattern of PCOS in some families; however, even in the same family phenotypes vary widely, which suggests that not only genetic factors are involved in PCOS pathology [6]. Known environmental risk factors playing a role in PCOS pathogenesis are: in utero exposure of the foetus to androgen excess, tobacco and alcohol use, socioeconomic status related with parental and personal education level, premature pubarche, peripubertal stress, nutrition, physical activity, obesity, medications and environment pollution [7,8,9]. Considering the disease pathogenesis and risk factors, special attention must be paid for the influence of ethnic origin, geographical location and culture on PCOS expression [1].…”