The Role of Vitamin E and Carotenoids in Preventing Oxidation of Low Density Lipoproteins<sup>a</sup>

Esterbauer, Hermann; Striegl, G; Puhl, Herbert; Oberreither, Sabine; Rotheneder, Martina; ElSaadani, Mohamed; Jürgens, Günther

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb14925.x

Cited by 176 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although it has been widely assumed that vitamin E is the most important naturally occurring antioxidant for LDL [23], this view has recently been challenged [24]. A typical dietary intake of vitamin E is 14IU per day [25], so the dose used here (400 IU day-') is approximately 30 times the usual daily intake, although the mean increase in serum tocopherol concentration was only 60%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of probucol and vitamin E treatment on the oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein and forearm vascular responses in humans

McDowell¹,

Brennan

McEneny³

et al. 1994

Eur J Clin Investigation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This study investigates the hypothesis that lipid soluble antioxidants may increase the resistance of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation and also enhance vascular endothelial responses in humans. In a double-blind parallel group study, 24 hypercholesterolaemic patients, already on treatment with simvastatin (20 mg day-'), were randomized to supplementary treatment with probucol (500 mg bd), vitamin E (400IU daily) or placebo for 8 weeks. Mean serum cholesterol before antioxidant treatment was 7.00mmoll-'. Resistance of LDL to oxidation by copper was increased by 830% in the probucol group and by 30% in the vitamin E group. However, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances in whole serum were not altered by either antioxidant. Probucol lowered HDLand LDL-cholesterol levels and increased the QT interval. Forearm vascular responses, as measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, to acetylcholine, glyceryl trinitrate and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, were not significantly changed by antioxidant treatment. Probucol has a major, and vitamin E a minor, effect on LDL resistance to oxidation but neither compound appears to alter forearm vascular responses in vivo.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of probucol and vitamin E treatment on the oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein and forearm vascular responses in humans

McDowell¹,

Brennan

McEneny³

et al. 1994

Eur J Clin Investigation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Apparently, variable concentrations of additional antioxidants (lycopine, retinoids, carotenoids) in the different LDL subfractions may be responsible for their differences in lag time, in agreement with the findings of others. 45 - 46 In this study, it was found that the concentration of PUFAs per milligram of vitamin E was significantly higher in LDL3 than in LDL, (Table 1), suggesting a relative deficiency of vitamin E in LDL,. This could help to explain the shorter lag time of LDL3 compared with that of LDL,.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

Enhanced susceptibility to in vitro oxidation of the dense low density lipoprotein subfraction in healthy subjects.

Graaf

Hak-Lemmers

Hectors

et al. 1991

Arterioscler Thromb

665

251

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been implicated as a factor in the generation of macrophage-derived foam cells, the hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques. Because LDL consists of discrete subtractions with different physicochemical characteristics, the question arises as to whether these LDL subtractions differ in their susceptibility to oxidative modification. To answer this question, three LDL subtractions, LDL,, LDL 2 , and LDL 3 , were isolated from the plasmas of 11 healthy volunteers by density gradient ultracentrifugation. The LDL subtractions were oxidatively modified by incubation with copper ions. Differences in the subtractions' susceptibilities to lipid peroxidation were studied by measuring the formation of the 234-nm-absorbing oxidation products every 3 minutes on an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. are positively correlated with the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD). 1 In the last decade, evidence has accumulated that human plasma LDL comprises discrete subtractions, varying in size, density, and lipid content.2 -6 Two to three LDL subtractions can be detected and isolated from normolipidemic plasma by density gradient ultracentrifugation.7 These LDL subtractions have been found to differ in chemical composition and molecular size.7 Several lines of evidence suggest that the

show abstract

“…Oxidation of LDL was initiated by CuCl 2 using the method described by Esterbauer et al (1989a). Freshly prepared EDTA-free LDL fraction was diluted in oxygensaturated PBS to obtain 1 ml containing 0.15 mg ApoB.…”

Section: Ldl Susceptibility To Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might be an important mechanism whereby smoking could accelerate atherogenesis. LDL oxidation in vitro has been described as a progressive process which is detectable after a depletion of the antioxidants in LDL particles and leads sequentially to LDL oxidation (Esterbauer et al, 1989a). Beside vitamin E, the LDL molecule also contains carotenoids (Esterbauer et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of increased fruit and vegetable intake on the susceptibility of lipoprotein to oxidation in smokers

et al. 1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To evaluate the effect of an increased dietary intake of fruit and vegetables on susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in smokers and nonsmokers. Design: A descriptive and prospective study. Setting: Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble. Subjects: Volunteers were age and sex matched in the smoking and nonsmoking groups and were recruited by announcement.Interventions: Increased intake of fruits and vegetables for two weeks providing 30 mgaday of carotenoids. Main outcome measures: Circulating levels of beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, a-tocopherol; susceptibility of LDL to oxidation. Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), and Se glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px) activities and reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. Results: At entry (week 0: W0) smokers exhibited a lower plasma carotene level but the plasma parameters of oxidative stress and LDL oxidizability were not different from nonsmokers. After two weeks of increased intake of fruits and vegetables the circulating levels of carotenoids increased in smokers 23% and 11% in nonsmokers. At the same time the resistance of LDL to oxidation increased by 14% in smokers (P 0.05) and by 28% in nonsmokers (P 0.025). The mean whole bloodGSH level was higher in smokers at entry but returned to a concentration similar to nonsmokers at the end of the study. Conclusion: This pilot study indicates that an increased, carotenoid rich food intake through its inhibitory effect on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation may be an interesting approach to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis both in smokers and nonsmokers. Sponsorship: This research has been supported by the European Union: AAIR project (AIR2-CT93-0888, DG 12SSMA).

show abstract

The Role of Vitamin E and Carotenoids in Preventing Oxidation of Low Density Lipoproteins^a

Cited by 176 publications

References 25 publications

The effect of probucol and vitamin E treatment on the oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein and forearm vascular responses in humans

The effect of probucol and vitamin E treatment on the oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein and forearm vascular responses in humans

Enhanced susceptibility to in vitro oxidation of the dense low density lipoprotein subfraction in healthy subjects.

Effect of increased fruit and vegetable intake on the susceptibility of lipoprotein to oxidation in smokers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Role of Vitamin E and Carotenoids in Preventing Oxidation of Low Density Lipoproteinsa

Cited by 176 publications

References 25 publications

The effect of probucol and vitamin E treatment on the oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein and forearm vascular responses in humans

The effect of probucol and vitamin E treatment on the oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein and forearm vascular responses in humans

Enhanced susceptibility to in vitro oxidation of the dense low density lipoprotein subfraction in healthy subjects.

Effect of increased fruit and vegetable intake on the susceptibility of lipoprotein to oxidation in smokers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Role of Vitamin E and Carotenoids in Preventing Oxidation of Low Density Lipoproteins^a