The roles of exosomes in cancer drug resistance and its therapeutic application

Li, Shiyu; Yi, Ming; Dong, Bing; Jiao, Yanmei; Luo, Suxia; Wu, Kongming

doi:10.1002/ctm2.257

Cited by 65 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(265 reference statements)

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“…Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles with a diameter ranging from 40nm to 160nm, which can mediate cell communication in physiological and pathological conditions via transferring specific cargos (nucleic acid or protein) [ 46 ]. Recently, it is reported that miRNAs carried by exosomes derived from drug-resistant cells can confer the resistant ability to drug-sensitive ones [ 47 ]. For example, CSCs and resistant cancer cells can secrete exosomal miR-155, which induces the EMT process to enhance the resistance to chemotherapy of breast cancer [ 48 ].…”

Section: Mirna-mediated Emt and Cscs In Chemotherapy Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

MiRNA-mediated EMT and CSCs in cancer chemoresistance

Dong

Zhu

et al. 2021

Exp Hematol Oncol

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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small group of cancer cells, which contribute to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Cancer cells undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) acquire the chemoresistant ability, which is regarded as an important feature of CSCs. Thus, there emerges an opinion that the generation of CSCs is considered to be driven by EMT. In this complex process, microRNAs (miRNAs) are found to play a key role. In order to overcome the drug resistance, inhibiting EMT as well as CSCs phenotype seem feasible. Thereinto, regulating the EMT- or CSCs-associated miRNAs is a crucial approach. Herein, we conduct this review to elaborate on the complicated interplay between EMT and CSCs in cancer chemoresistance, which is modulated by miRNAs. In addition, we elucidate the therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance through targeting EMT and CSCs.

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Section: Mirna-mediated Emt and Cscs In Chemotherapy Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

MiRNA-mediated EMT and CSCs in cancer chemoresistance

Dong

Zhu

et al. 2021

Exp Hematol Oncol

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“…As key contributors to cell–cell communication, exosomes have been implicated in the induction of anti-tumor drug resistance [ 89 , 90 ]. For instance, they transfer functional P-glycoprotein as they bind to drug-sensitive recipient cells, a key process in the induction of signal pathways necessary for drug resistance in recipient cells [ 91 , 92 ]. Drug resistance to cisplatin, a platinum-based DNA damage drug administered intravenously to treat many cancers, has been demonstrated in NSCLC.…”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of exosomes in lung cancer metastasis and clinical applications: an updated review

et al. 2021

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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths accounting for 24% of all cancer deaths. As a crucial phase of tumor progression, lung cancer metastasis is linked to over 70% of these mortalities. In recent years, exosomes have received increasing research attention in their role in the induction of carcinogenesis and metastasis in the lung. In this review, recent studies on the contribution of exosomes to lung cancer metastasis are discussed, particularly highlighting the role of lung tumor-derived exosomes in immune system evasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis, and their involvement at both the pre-metastatic and metastatic phases. The clinical application of exosomes as therapeutic drug carriers, their role in antitumor drug resistance, and their utility as predictive biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis are also presented. The metastatic activity, a complex multistep process of cancer cell invasion, survival in blood vessels, attachment and subsequent colonization of the host's organs, is integrated with exosomal effects. Exosomes act as functional mediating factors in cell–cell communication, influencing various steps of the metastatic cascade. To this end, lung cancer cell-derived exosomes enhance cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, regulate drug resistance, and antitumor immune activities during lung carcinogenesis, and are currently being explored as an important component in liquid biopsy assessment for diagnosing lung cancer. These nano-sized extracellular vesicles are also being explored as delivery vehicles for therapeutic molecules owing to their unique properties of biocompatibility, circulatory stability, decreased toxicity, and tumor specificity. The current knowledge of the role of exosomes highlights an array of exosome-dependent pathways and cargoes that are ripe for exploiting therapeutic targets to treat lung cancer metastasis, and for predictive value assessment in diagnosis, prognosis, and anti-tumor drug resistance.

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“…EVs bind to target cells and initiate signal transduction through receptor-ligand interactions or internalize through endocytosis [ 96 ]. EVs mediate cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and are promising strategy in liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and predictive markers [ 97 , 98 ]. The exchange of EVs between immune cells affects innate immunity and adaptive immunity [ 99 ].…”

Section: Tumor Microenvironment Related Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive biomarkers of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in NSCLC

Niu

et al. 2021

Exp Hematol Oncol

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Immunotherapy, especially anti-programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) treatment has significantly improved the survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the overall response rate remains unsatisfactory. Many factors affect the outcome of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, such as PD-L1 expression level, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), tumor mutation burden (TMB), neoantigens, and driver gene mutations. Further exploration of biomarkers would be favorable for the best selection of patients and precisely predict the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. In this review, we summarized the latest advances in this field, and discussed the potential applications of these laboratory findings in the clinic.

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The roles of exosomes in cancer drug resistance and its therapeutic application

Abstract: 1. The mechanisms of exosome-induced cancer drug resistance are elaborated. 2. The potential therapeutic application of exosomes is discussed in great detail.

Cited by 65 publications

References 138 publications

MiRNA-mediated EMT and CSCs in cancer chemoresistance

MiRNA-mediated EMT and CSCs in cancer chemoresistance

The role of exosomes in lung cancer metastasis and clinical applications: an updated review

Predictive biomarkers of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in NSCLC

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