The Roles of Health Professionals in the Development and Dissemination of Women's Sanitary Products, 1880-1940

Farrell-Beck, Jane; Kidd, Laura Klosterman

doi:10.1093/jhmas/51.3.325

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In 1933, a tampon design was patented (which soon became the Tampax  brand), and a major marketing campaign was launched in 1936. 20 Yet, through the late 1930s, tampon users were few. During this time, two different studies of women attending a general medical practice found that only 4% to 6% used the tampon.…”

Section: Early Tampon Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,22 According to the 1939 Census of Manufactures, sales of the tampon were so small that they were grouped together with those of other sanitary products. 20 Nevertheless, tampon use was prevalent enough to gain the attention of the medical community. In the late 1930s and early 1940s, a debate among providers occurred, as evidenced by numerous commentaries and studies of the tampon's safety, efficacy, and acceptability in the medical literature.…”

Section: Early Tampon Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 It was not until 1947-11 years after a major marketing campaign-that sales of the tampon were high enough to warrant a separate category in the Census of Manufactures. 20 …”

Section: Early Tampon Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medical providers were initially opposed to the use of the tampon, but they nevertheless played a critical role in researching it and eventually promoting its use. 20 Provider bias against the female condom was foreshadowed by early focus group research in which, in contrast to their enthusiastic clients, provider attitudes were neutral about the device. 36 Studies that directly investigate pro-vider attitudes about the female condom are limited, despite the fact that providers play a pivotal role in its introduction.…”

Section: Comparative Time Line Of the Tampon And Female Condom: Wherementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Female-Initiated Barrier Methods for the Prevention of STI/HIV: Where Are We Now? Where Should We Go?

Latka

2001

Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

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Section: Early Tampon Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Early Tampon Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 It was not until 1947-11 years after a major marketing campaign-that sales of the tampon were high enough to warrant a separate category in the Census of Manufactures. 20 …”

Section: Early Tampon Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Time Line Of the Tampon And Female Condom: Wherementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Female-Initiated Barrier Methods for the Prevention of STI/HIV: Where Are We Now? Where Should We Go?

Latka

2001

Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine

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“…5 Jane Farrell-Beck and Laura Klosterman Kidd have explored the role of health professionals in the development and dissemination of women's sanitary products in the United States, arguing that the work of such professionals accelerated the acceptance of disposable pads and tampons. 6 Julie-Marie Strange has discussed the role of the Medical Women's Federation in England in "Teaching Menstrual Etiquette." 7 Together with Margaret Tennant, I have explored the ways in which modernity was called into service to change attitudes and responses to menstruation in New Zealand while anxieties about hygiene remained in place.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“The Glands of Destiny:” Hygiene, Hormones and English Women Doctors in the First Half of the 20th Century

Brookes

2006

Canadian Bulletin of Medical History

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Abstract. Members of the English Medical Women's Federation, founded in 1917, were at the forefront of research into menstruation and menopause in the interwar years. As new hormonal understandings of the menstrual cycle emerged, women doctors and international sanitary product companies sought to educate women about their changing bodies and to reconfigure menstruation and menopause as minor events in women's lives which in no way inhibited their activities. Changing educational and employment patterns of women meant that both events, once managed in the context of the home, were increasingly managed in a public context. As knowledge of hormones increased, menopause was described as a deficiency disease which could be treated by hormone therapy. Just as one set of gendered assumptions about health, to do with menstrual disability, faded from view, medical women were exposed to another, the idea that estrogens were constitutive of femininity.Résumé. À la pointe des recherches sur la menstruation et la ménopause pendant l'entre-deux-guerres, se trouvaient des membres de la Fédération anglaise des femmes médecins fondée en 1917. En même temps que se développaient de nouvelles connaissances sur le rôle des hormones dans le cycle menstruel, des femmes médecins et des fabriquants internationaux de produits hygiéniques cherchaient à éduquer les femmes sur leur corps en cours de transformation et à redéfinir la menstruation et la ménopause comme des événements normaux qui n'empêchaient pas les activités de la vie quotidienne. Avec le développe-ment des connaissances sur les hormones, on a commencé à présenter la ménopause comme une maladie qu'on pourrait soigner avec un traitement hormonal. Ainsi, au moment même où on assistait à un recul de certains mythes sur la santé et les menstruations, les femmes médecins se trouvèrent Author, position

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Of Mice and (Wo)Men: Tampons, Menstruation, and Testing

Vostral¹

2020

The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies

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Vostral provides much-needed insight into the link between women’s bodily experiences with tampons and twentieth-century developments in material science, corporate research, and gynecological observations about menstrual cycles. She examines how design modifications to tampons, changes in material composition, and the cultivation of women test subjects exposed scientific assumptions, ideas about safety, and attitudes concerning gendered and menstruating bodies. Focusing on the practical work of tampon testing, Vostral examines the impact of broad cultural conditions: prevailing ideas about women’s bodies, gender differences, and the role of science and medicine in optimizing well-being. Finally, she shows how patterns of social power and privilege configured this research, with evidence taking different forms over time.

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The Roles of Health Professionals in the Development and Dissemination of Women's Sanitary Products, 1880-1940

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Female-Initiated Barrier Methods for the Prevention of STI/HIV: Where Are We Now? Where Should We Go?

Female-Initiated Barrier Methods for the Prevention of STI/HIV: Where Are We Now? Where Should We Go?

“The Glands of Destiny:” Hygiene, Hormones and English Women Doctors in the First Half of the 20th Century

Of Mice and (Wo)Men: Tampons, Menstruation, and Testing

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