The Roles of In-Group Exemplars and Ethnicracial Identification in Self-Stereotyping

Rivera, Luis M.; Benitez, Sandra

doi:10.1521/soco.2016.34.6.604

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Identity-based motivation theory posits that minority and lower-income Americans are particularly attuned to norms signaling what is appropriate and preferred by their ingroup and, consequently, are more likely to engage in behaviors perceived as normative or "identity-congruent" (29). In the absence of such information, people may rely on stereotypes to infer ingroup norms (29,30). For instance, in part due to greater resource constraints, Americans of lower socioeconomic status are more sensitive to the opinions of others, relative to individuals of higher socioeconomic status, and show stronger effects of perceived norms on their environmental behavior (31).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse segments of the US public underestimate the environmental concerns of minority and low-income Americans

Pearson

Schuldt

Romero‐Canyas

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

120

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In a nationally representative survey experiment, diverse segments of the US public underestimated the environmental concerns of nonwhite and low-income Americans and misperceived them as lower than those of white and more affluent Americans. Moreover, both whites and nonwhites and higher- and lower-income respondents associated the term “environmentalist” with whites and the well-educated, suggesting that shared cultural stereotypes may drive these misperceptions. This environmental belief paradox—a tendency to misperceive groups that are among the most environmentally concerned and most vulnerable to a wide range of environmental impacts as least concerned about the environment—was largely invariant across demographic groups and also extended to the specific issue of climate change. Suggesting these beliefs are malleable, exposure to images of a racially diverse (vs. nondiverse) environmental organization in an embedded randomized experiment reduced the perceived gap between whites’ and nonwhites’ environmental concerns and strengthened associations between nonwhites and the category “environmentalists” among minority respondents. These findings suggest that stereotypes about others’ environmental attitudes may pose a barrier to broadening public engagement with environmental initiatives, particularly among populations most vulnerable to negative environmental impacts.

show abstract

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse segments of the US public underestimate the environmental concerns of minority and low-income Americans

Pearson

Schuldt

Romero‐Canyas

et al. 2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One way to do so may be to change the local environment by enhancing the representation of successful and counter-stereotypical members from one’s group; perhaps such an environmental intervention can attenuate the mental associations between the self-concept and stereotypes, yielding less self-stereotyping (Rivera & Benitez, 2016). Another intervention might be to remind individuals of their valued personal attributes (but unrelated to stereotypes); if such a self-affirmation can protect one’s self-image from threats and even promote good health (e.g., Creswell et al, 2005), perhaps it can buffer the detrimental role of negative stereotypes in the self-concept and, ultimately, its role in healthy eating behavior and obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit ethnic–racial self-stereotyping’s relation to children’s body mass index and diet: The moderating role of self-esteem.

Rivera¹,

Margevich²

2023

Stigma and Health

Self Cite

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Childhood obesity in the United States has disproportionately affected Latinx and Black children. The authors examine this issue by drawing upon implicit social cognition theory and social-psychological models of health and stress to propose and test a relation between negative implicit self-stereotyping and body mass index (BMI) and diet. Furthermore, it was predicted that self-esteem would buffer this relation because it is a psychological resource that functions to protect against stressors like the psychological experience of stigma. The authors recruited a community sample of 9-12-year-old Latinx and Black children and measured individual differences in implicit and explicit associations between the self and group stereotypes, self-esteem, objective BMI, and diet. Consistent with the main hypotheses, strong negative implicit (but not explicit) self-stereotyping was associated with higher levels of body mass indices in the obesity range and less healthy diet, but only among children with low self-esteem. Among children with high self-esteem, these relations were absent. These results held even after controlling for the contribution of parents' BMI, diet, education, and household income. These data are the first to theoretically and empirically link implicit self-stereotyping and self-esteem with physiological risk factors for chronic health conditions. Thus, this research contributes to understanding disparities among stigmatized ethnic-racial children in the United States and beyond.

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“…Racial progress in recent decades, including the election of the nation's first Black president, has been argued to promote pro-Black attitudes among Black children (Byrd et al, 2017). For instance, Rivera and Benitez (2016) found that exposure to successful Black Americans, such as President Obama, reduced racial stereotyping among Black adolescents.…”

Section: Racial Progress and Black Us Residents' Racial Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of the Racial Attitudes of Black U.S. Residents in Relation to Shifts in Systemic Racial Inequalities

Cha¹,

Sarmal²,

Skinner-Dorkenoo³

2022

Preprint

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Racial progress in the U.S. over the last several decades has been mixed. Although school segregation is no longer legal and the country has now had a Black president, the racial wealth gap continues to widen. In the current work, we examine whether racial progress—reductions in racial inequalities in key structural areas—in recent decades predicts implicit and explicit racial attitudes among Black U.S. residents (N = 38,448). We observed some evidence of increased pro-Black attitudes in states where racial inequalities in income, unemployment, and being uninsured decreased over time. However, the most robust association was between decreased racial inequalities in high school completion rates and decreased pro-Black attitudes. Thus, the current findings provide empirical evidence convergent with the notion that the public education system in the U.S. might be contributing to internalized racism among Black people in the U.S.

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The Roles of In-Group Exemplars and Ethnicracial Identification in Self-Stereotyping

Cited by 15 publications

References 52 publications

Diverse segments of the US public underestimate the environmental concerns of minority and low-income Americans

Diverse segments of the US public underestimate the environmental concerns of minority and low-income Americans

Implicit ethnic–racial self-stereotyping’s relation to children’s body mass index and diet: The moderating role of self-esteem.

An Examination of the Racial Attitudes of Black U.S. Residents in Relation to Shifts in Systemic Racial Inequalities

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