The roles of peripheral serotonin in metabolic homeostasis

El‐Merahbi, Rabih; Löffler, Mona C.; Mayer, Alexander; Sumara, Grzegorz

doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2015.05.054

Cited by 207 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…With respect to 5-HIAA levels, precursor of serotonin, it decreased in striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata of animals that received sweeteners and cytarabine alone or combined. These findings coincide with those of El-Merahbi et al (34), who pinpointed that peripheral serotonin has an impact on the regulation of the function of the organs involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis. Indeed, peripheral 5HT plays an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis through the differential expression and activation of 5-HT membrane receptors on the surface of hepatocytes, adipocytes and pancreatic β-cells (35).…”

Section: Biochemical and Histological Changes Produced By Sweeteners supporting

confidence: 91%

Biochemical and histological changes produced by sweeteners and cytarabine in the brain of young rats

García¹,

Brizuela²,

Peraza³

et al. 2018

Nutr Hosp

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Biochemical and histological changes produced by sweeteners and cytarabine in the brain of young rats Cambios bioquímicos e histológicos producidos por edulcorantes y citarabina en el cerebro de ratas jóvenes ResumenObjetivo: el objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de edulcorantes (splenda y stevia) sobre los niveles de dopamina, acido 5-hidroxiindolacetico (HIAA) y algunos biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo en presencia de citarabina. Métodos: cuarenta y ocho ratas Wistar machos con un peso aproximado de 80 g (cuatro semanas de edad), distribuidas en seis grupos de ocho animales cada uno, fueron tratados como sigue: grupo 1, control (NaCl 0,9% vehículo); grupo 2, citarabina (0,6 g/kg); grupo 3, stevia (0,6 g/kg); grupo 4, citarabina + stevia; grupo 5, splenda; y el grupo 6, citarabina + splenda. La citarabina fue administrada por vía intravenosa y la stevia y la splenda, por vía oral durante cinco días, utilizando una sonda orogástrica. Al final del tratamiento, los animales fueron sacrificados y se midieron los niveles de glucosa en sangre. Los cerebros fueron disecados para su análisis histológico y homogenizados para medir los niveles de dopamina, peroxidación lipídica (TBARS), metabolito de la serotonina (5-HIAA), actividad de la Na + , K + ATPasa y glutatión (GSH), usando métodos validados.Resultados: los edulcorantes aumentaron la glucosa en los animales que recibieron citarabina. La dopamina aumentó en la corteza y disminuyó en el estriado de los animales que recibieron stevia sola y combinada con citarabina. La 5-HIAA disminuyó en el estriado y el cerebelo/ médula oblongata de animales que recibieron edulcorantes y citarabina sola o combinada. El GSH se incrementó en los animales que recibieron edulcorantes. La lipoperoxidación disminuyó en los grupos que recibieron edulcorantes y citarabina. Estudios histopatológicos revelaron una degeneración neuronal importante en animales tratados con citarabina. Conclusión: los resultados muestran que los edulcorantes como stevia o splenda pueden conducir a la aparición de cambios desfavorables en los niveles de dopamina y 5-HIAA. Los cambios histológicos revelaron, además, lesiones marcadas de células neuronales en animales tratados con citarabina. AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of splenda and stevia on dopamine and 5-HIAA levels, and some biomarkers of oxidative stress in the presence of cytarabine. Methods: Forty-eight young male Wistar rats each with a weight of 80 g (four weeks of age), distributed in six groups of eight animals each, were treated as follows: group 1, control (NaCl 0.9% vehicle); group 2, cytarabine (0.6 g/kg); group 3, stevia (0.6 g/kg); group 4, cytarabine + stevia; group 5, splenda; and group 6, cytarabine + splenda. Cytarabine was given intravenously (IV) while stevia and splenda were administered orally for five days, using orogastric tube. At the end of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and glucose levels in blood were measured. The brains were dissected for histological analysis and homogenated to mea...

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Section: Biochemical and Histological Changes Produced By Sweeteners supporting

confidence: 91%

Biochemical and histological changes produced by sweeteners and cytarabine in the brain of young rats

García¹,

Brizuela²,

Peraza³

et al. 2018

Nutr Hosp

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“…Despite similar levels of tryptophan, plasma serotonin levels were persistently reduced in preterm pigs, which may be related to a functional immaturity of the gut enterochromaffin cells. This could influence both glucose and lipid metabolism (16,51) and, thereby, aggravate the dysmetabolic phenotype. In the brain, serotonin serves as an important neurotransmitter affecting many brain functions (39), including brain developmental processes (4) and early neural network connectivity (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) and novel object recognition (days 16 and 24) with simultaneous recording by video cameras mounted from the ceiling (bird's eye view to assess distance traveled and pattern) and from the side of the arena (side view for coordination assessments). Piglets were recorded in the open field arena for 3 min on days 4,9,16, and 23, except the few preterm pigs (n ϭ 8) that were still clinically compromised or incapable of getting on their feet by day 4. The duration of the recordings were chosen to minimize stress and fatigue for the piglets.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased mortality and aberrant behavior were recently associated with low levels of serotonin at birth in pigs (11). Serotonin, synthesized from tryptophan mainly in the gut, is an important neurotransmitter that affects the developing brain (4,39) but also functions outside the central nervous system (CNS), e.g., nutrient metabolism and gut function (16,51).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Delayed growth, motor function and learning in preterm pigs during early postnatal life

Andersen¹,

Sangild

Munch³

et al. 2016

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

117

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Preterm birth interrupts normal fetal growth with consequences for postnatal growth and organ development. In preterm infants, many physiological deficits adapt and disappear with advancing postnatal age, but some may persist into childhood. We hypothesized that preterm birth would induce impaired organ growth and function during the first postnatal week in pigs, while motor abilities and behavioral characteristics would show more persistent developmental delay. Cesarean-delivered preterm (n = 112, 90% gestation) or term (n = 56, 100% gestation) piglets were reared under identical conditions and euthanized for blood and organ collection on postnatal days 0, 5, or 26. Body weight gain remained lower in preterm vs. term pigs up to day 26 (25.5 ± 1.5 vs. 31.0 ± 0.5 g·kg(-1)·day(-1), P < 0.01) when relative weights were higher for brain and kidneys and reduced for liver and spleen. Neonatal preterm pigs had reduced values for blood pH, Po2, glucose, lactate, hematocrit, and cortisol, but at day 26, most values were normalized, although plasma serotonin and IGF 1 levels remained reduced. Preterm pigs showed delayed neonatal arousal and impaired physical activity, coordination, exploration, and learning, relative to term pigs (all P < 0.05). Supplementation of parenteral nutrition during the first 5 days with an enteral milk diet did not affect later outcomes. In preterm pigs, many physiological characteristics of immaturity disappeared by 4 wk, while some neurodevelopmental deficits remained. The preterm pig is a relevant animal model to study early dietary and pharmacological interventions that support postnatal maturation and neurodevelopment in preterm infants.

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“…On the other hand, around 98% of the body's serotonin is found peripherally, where it functions as a peripheral hormone. It affects vasoconstriction, intestinal motility, primary hemostasis, liver repair, and the control of the T-cell-mediated immune system [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Homeostasis by the Peripheral Serotonergic System

Watanabe

Rose²,

Kanayama

et al. 2017

Serotonin - A Chemical Messenger Between All Types of Living Cells

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Energy homeostasis is maintained by balancing energy intake and energy expenditure. In addition to the central nervous system, several hormones play a key role in energy homeostasis in the whole body. In particular, serotonin is regarded as one of the key regulators of energy homeostasis. Serotonin is unique in that it is able to act in both the brain as a neurotransmitter and the peripheral tissue as a gastrointestinal hormone. In the brain, serotonin is thought of as a pharmacological target for anti-obesity treatments because it greatly inhibits meal size and body weight gain. In contrast, serotonin in the periphery has not been targeted as a strategy for anti-obesity treatment, even though almost all of the serotonin produced in the body is produced in the peripheral tissue. Recently, the peripheral serotonergic signal has been shown to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism through autocrine and paracrine signals in energy homeostasis-related tissues, including the pancreatic β cell, liver, white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Thus, it is possible that the serotonergic system in the peripheral tissue is a new therapeutic target for metabolic disease, including obesity and diabetes. Here, we summarize the role of peripheral serotonin in the regulation of energy homeostasis.

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The roles of peripheral serotonin in metabolic homeostasis

Cited by 207 publications

References 56 publications

Biochemical and histological changes produced by sweeteners and cytarabine in the brain of young rats

Biochemical and histological changes produced by sweeteners and cytarabine in the brain of young rats

Delayed growth, motor function and learning in preterm pigs during early postnatal life

Energy Homeostasis by the Peripheral Serotonergic System

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