The Roles of Personality Traits, AI Anxiety, and Demographic Factors in Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence

Kaya, Feridun; Aydın, Fatih; Schepman, Astrid; Rodway, Paul; Yetişensoy, Okan; Kaya, Meva Demir

doi:10.1080/10447318.2022.2151730

Cited by 102 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Agreeable individuals being warm and kind to other people would be more fearful of AI as it entails less human contact. This was similar to another study showed that only agreeableness was correlated positively with positive attitudes towards AI [47]. Explaining the difference in results between our study and previous studies is challenging, but one reason could be the difference in scales used.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Mediating Effect of Dark Future between Personality Traits and Fear of Artificial Intelligence in Arab Young Adults

Hemade,

Hallit,

Malaeb

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Fear of Autonomous Robots and Artificial Intelligence is a novel concept introduced to measure how fearful individuals are about Artificial Intelligence and autonomous robots. This study aimed to measure the mediating effect of dark future, a measure of future anxiety, between personality traits and Fear of Autonomous Robots and Artificial Intelligence. Methods Using the snowball sampling technique, participants (n = 1839) were Arab adults who completed the Fear of Autonomous Robots and Artificial Intelligence Scale, Arabic Big Five Personality Inventory, and the Dark Future Scale. Results The results of the mediation analysis showed that dark future mediated the association between extroversion/neuroticism/agreeableness and fear of Artificial Intelligence. Higher extroversion was significantly associated with less dark future, whereas more dark future was significantly associated with higher Fear of Autonomous Robots and Artificial Intelligence (FARAI) scores. Extroversion was not directly associated with FARAI scores. Higher neuroticism and agreeableness were significantly associated with more dark future, whereas more dark future was significantly associated with higher FARAI scores. Neuroticism and agreeableness were significantly directly associated with higher FARAI scores. Conclusion This study suggests that the relationship between certain personality traits and Fear of Autonomous Robots and Artificial Intelligence can be explained by evaluating one’s Dark Future. This shall help improve research on attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence and also have clinical implications in treating cases of Artificial Intelligence fear.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

The Mediating Effect of Dark Future between Personality Traits and Fear of Artificial Intelligence in Arab Young Adults

Hemade,

Hallit,

Malaeb

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Additionally, induced positive emotions were seen to lead to more positive evaluations of interactive websites (Jin and Oh, 2022). Conversely, anxiety towards technological innovations (e.g., apprehension about using computers, fear about personal/social changes due to AI) has been shown to reduce usage intentions and produce more negative attitudes (Kaya et al, 2024;Venkatesh, 2000). Therefore, this study hypothesises that positive and negative emotions will have distinct effects on attitudes towards ChatGPT.…”

Section: Emotionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…This finding underscores the importance of taking into account emotional responses in addition to cognitive factors when understanding technology adoption, as emotions may account for additional variance in predicting user behaviour. Of particular note is the role of positive emotions in generating improved attitudes towards technology, as previous studies have mainly focused on negative emotions such as anxiety (Kaya et al, 2024;Venkatesh, 2000). Emotions may arise from a rapid and unconscious evaluation of an object or situation (Frijda, 1993), and the significant influence that these initial emotional reactions have on technology attitudes and adoption calls for a closer examination of the possibly dynamic role of emotions as the technology develops (see Bagozzi, 2007).…”

Section: Additional Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who is using ChatGPT and why?: extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model

Lee,

Jones-Jang,

Chung

et al. 2024

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Introduction. Since its public launch, ChatGPT has gained the world's attention, demonstrating the immense potential of artificial intelligence (AI). Method. To explore factors influencing the adoption of ChatGPT, we ran structural equation modelling to test the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model while incorporating relative risk (vs. benefit) perception and emotional factors into its original form to gain a better understanding of the process. Analysis. This study utilized partial least squares–structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS4. Results. The findings revealed that in addition to individuals' technology-specific perceptions (i.e., performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions), relative risk perception and emotional factors play significant roles in predicting favourable attitude and behaviour intentions towards ChatGPT. Conclusions. Our extended model fits the data well, suggesting that it is not merely a matter of convenience but also of people's reservations, expectations, and emotions toward technology, which significantly influence their willingness to adopt ChatGPT.

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“…For the purpose of the current research, it is theorized that AI anxiety will function as the primary appraisal in relation to evaluating whether collaborating with the AI will be dangerous. AI anxiety is defined as “excessive fear arising from problems originating from changes formed by AI technologies in personal or social life” (Kaya et al ., 2022, p. 3).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This theorizing was supported by the empirical results demonstrating that AI anxiety as the primary appraisal, and trust in message as the secondary appraisal, serially mediate the effect of AI anthropomorphism and consumer subjective well-being and co-creation. In doing so, this research not only unifies AI and the technology literature which has considered anxiety (Hsu et al ., 2021; Kaya et al ., 2022; Kwarteng et al ., 2023) and trust (Cai et al ., 2022; Kim et al ., 2021; Riedel et al ., 2022) separately, but also demonstrates how consumer evaluations of collaborating with AI include two appraisals as opposed to one. A key implication of this finding for future service scholars' theorizing and conceptual development, in relation to consumers' collaboration and experience with AI, is to consider how to integrate primary and secondary appraisals, which evaluate consumers' perceptions of danger/safety followed by evaluations of resources provided by AI to the consumer.…”

Section: Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoiding excessive AI service agent anthropomorphism: examining its role in delivering bad news

Mulcahy,

Riedel,

Keating

et al. 2023

JSTP

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PurposeThe aim of this paper is twofold. First, it seeks to understand how different forms of anthropomorphism, namely verbal and visual, can enhance or detract from the subjective well-being of consumers and their co-creation behaviors whilst collaborating with artificial intelligence (AI) service agents. Second, it seeks to understand if AI anxiety and trust in message, function as primary and secondary consumer appraisals of collaborating with AI service agents.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual model is developed using the theories of the uncanny valley and cognitive appraisal theory (CAT) with three hypotheses identified to guide the experimental work. The hypotheses are tested across three experimental studies which manipulate the level of anthropomorphism of AI.FindingsResults demonstrate that verbal and visual anthropomorphism can assist consumer well-being and likelihood of co-creation. Further, this relationship is explained by the mediators of anxiety and trust.Originality/valueThe empirical results and theorizing suggest verbal anthropomorphism should be present (absent) and paired with low (high) visual anthropomorphism, which supports the “uncanny valley” effect. A moderated mediation relationship is established, which confirms AI anxiety and trust in a message as mediators of the AI service agent anthropomorphism-consumer subjective well-being/co-creation relationship. This supports the theorizing of the conceptual model based on the “uncanny valley” and CAT.

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The Roles of Personality Traits, AI Anxiety, and Demographic Factors in Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence

Cited by 102 publications

References 98 publications

The Mediating Effect of Dark Future between Personality Traits and Fear of Artificial Intelligence in Arab Young Adults

The Mediating Effect of Dark Future between Personality Traits and Fear of Artificial Intelligence in Arab Young Adults

Who is using ChatGPT and why?: extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model

Avoiding excessive AI service agent anthropomorphism: examining its role in delivering bad news

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