The Roles of ROS in Cancer Heterogeneity and Therapy

Abstract

Cancer comprises a group of heterogeneous diseases encompassing high rates of morbidity and mortality. Heterogeneity, which is a hallmark of cancer, is one of the main factors related to resistance to chemotherapeutic agents leading to poor prognosis. Heterogeneity is profoundly affected by increasing levels of ROS. Under low concentrations, ROS may function as signaling molecules favoring tumorigenesis and heterogeneity, while under high ROS concentrations, these species may work as cancer modulators due to their deleterious, genotoxic or even proapoptotic effect on cancer cells. This double-edged sword effect represented by ROS relies on their ability to cause genetic and epigenetic modifications in DNA structure. Antitumor therapeutic approaches may use molecules that prevent the ROS formation precluding carcinogenesis or use chemical agents that promote a sudden increase of ROS causing considerable oxidative stress inside tumor mass. Therefore, herein, we review what ROS are and how they are produced in normal and in cancer cells while providing an argumentative discussion about their role in cancer pathophysiology. We also describe the various sources of ROS in cancer and their role in tumor heterogeneity. Further, we also discuss some therapeutic strategies from the current landscape of cancer heterogeneity, ROS modulation, or ROS production.

PTPN2 induced by inflammatory response and oxidative stress contributed to glioma progression

“…It has been reported that ROS participate in various pathways and can control cellular stability . ROS may function as vital signaling molecules, which can favor tumorigenesis . For example, restraining ROS in Listeria monocytogenes can promote glial cells apoptosis .…”

“…21 ROS may function as vital signaling molecules, which can favor tumorigenesis. [22][23][24] For example, restraining ROS in Listeria monocytogenes can promote glial cells apoptosis. 25 ROS-responsive miR-210 can modulate adipose-derived stem cells proliferation and migration via targeting PTPN2.…”

Impact of selected pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress on carcinogenesis and progression of prostate and colorectal adenocarcinomas

“…Rola RFT w komórkach nowotworowych zależy od ich ilości. Niewielkie ilości RFT działają jako cząsteczki sygnałowe, indukując kancerogenezę oraz heterogeniczność, natomiast w dużych ilościach mogą działać jako modulatory nowotworu, wykazując genotoksyczny lub nawet proapoptotyczny efekt w komórkach nowotworowych [17].…”

A review on versatile applications of novel Schiff bases and their metal complexes

“…The Tin (II) chloride complexes with many Schiff base derivative of 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde (HN) have been synthesized and screened for their antioxidant activities by DPPH technique. All the complexes showed great antioxidant activities and better antioxidant activities than their corresponding ligands [86][87][88]. Schiff bases of Sulphanilamide and its complexes with elements like Cu, Zn and Cd metals have been tested as an antioxidant.…”