The Roles of Type I Interferon in Co-infections With Parasites and Viruses, Bacteria, or Other Parasites

Ma, Yuanlin; Su, Xin‐zhuan; Lü, Fangli

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01805

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…To clarify the cause of unexpected deaths, Jiang et al [11] and Xiong et al [6] successively investigated two distinct skin diseases in crocodile lizards, revealing serious bacterial infections and probable coinfection. Increasing evidence suggests that co-infection of parasites with viruses, bacteria, or other parasites can impact host immunoreactivity and illness outcomes [34][35][36]. Several reports suggest that co-infection with bacteria and malaria parasites worsens clinical outcomes in patients, including respiratory distress, anemia, and mortality [37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To clarify the cause of unexpected deaths, Jiang et al [ 11 ] and Xiong et al [ 6 ] successively investigated two distinct skin diseases in crocodile lizards, revealing serious bacterial infections and probable co-infection. Increasing evidence suggests that co-infection of parasites with viruses, bacteria, or other parasites can impact host immunoreactivity and illness outcomes [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Several reports suggest that co-infection with bacteria and malaria parasites worsens clinical outcomes in patients, including respiratory distress, anemia, and mortality [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several reports suggest that co-infection with bacteria and malaria parasites worsens clinical outcomes in patients, including respiratory distress, anemia, and mortality [ 37 , 38 ]. Parasitic infections can suppress inflammatory responses, which can, in turn, affect illness outcomes caused by other viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections [ 36 ]. Based on our results, the incidence of parasitic infection was significantly higher in the captive crocodile lizards than in the wild population, which warrants further attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of Parasitic Infection in Crocodile Lizards (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) Using High-Throughput Sequencing

Zeng

Xiong

Yang

et al. 2022

Animals

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The highly endangered crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) continues to be impacted by disease, especially in captive breeding populations. In this paper, based on high-throughput sequencing, we investigated parasitic infections in captive and wild crocodile lizard populations in the Daguishan National Nature Reserve and Guangdong Luokeng Shinisaurus crocodilurus National Nature Reserve. The results show that the overall parasitic infection rate in crocodile lizards was 33.33% (23/69). Four parasite genera were detected, including Eimeria, Cryptosporidium, Nematopsis, and Acanthamoeba, with infection rates of 15.94% (11/69), 17.39% (12/69), 7.25% (5/69), and 4.35% (3/69), respectively. Significant differences in the infection rate were found between the different parasite species (χ2 = 8.54, p < 0.05, chi-squared test). The parasitic infection rates in the captive and wild populations were 39.29% (22/56) and 7.69% (1/13), respectively, which were significantly different (p < 0.05, Fisher’s exact test). However, no significant differences in the infection rates of the four parasite genera were found between the captive and wild populations (p > 0.05, Fisher’s exact test). The parasitic infection rates in Daguishan and Luokeng were 34.09% (15/44) and 32.00% (8/25), respectively, which were not significantly different (p > 0.05, Fisher’s exact test). However, significant differences in terms of species were found in the two reserves (p < 0.01, Fisher’s exact test). Only Cryptosporidium infection showed a significant difference between the two regions (p < 0.01, Fisher’s exact test). Our results suggest that captive crocodile lizards are more susceptible to parasitic diseases than wild crocodile lizards and that Cryptosporidium infection varies by geographical region. This study provides basic information about the parasites of endangered crocodile lizards, as well as a reference for disease control and conservation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To clarify the cause of unexpected deaths, Jiang et al [ 11 ] and Xiong et al [ 6 ] successively investigated two distinct skin diseases in crocodile lizards, revealing serious bacterial infections and probable co-infection. Increasing evidence suggests that co-infection of parasites with viruses, bacteria, or other parasites can impact host immunoreactivity and illness outcomes [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Several reports suggest that co-infection with bacteria and malaria parasites worsens clinical outcomes in patients, including respiratory distress, anemia, and mortality [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigation of Parasitic Infection in Crocodile Lizards (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) Using High-Throughput Sequencing

Zeng

Xiong

Yang

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…Along the same lines, co-infestation with different tick species and their associated tick-borne pathogens [ 196 ] may greatly affect the host’s immune response to tick infestation, transmission of tick-borne pathogens, and vaccination. For instance, the interactions between the tick vector and pathogen infections within a host can have synergistic or antagonistic effects, resulting in diverse effects on host susceptibility, infection duration, transmission profile, and clinical manifestations [ 197 , 198 , 199 ]. It is thus plausible to hypothesise that co-infestation of R. microplus and the infectious pathogens it transmits during feeding (i.e., Babesia and Anaplasma spp.)…”

Section: Bm86-based Vaccines: What Are the Current Gaps And Future Re...mentioning

confidence: 99%

More than Three Decades of Bm86: What We Know and Where to Go

Bishop,

Stutzer,

Maritz-Olivier

2023

Pathogens

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Tick and tick-borne disease control have been a serious research focus for many decades. In a global climate of increasing acaricide resistance, host immunity against tick infestation has become a much-needed complementary strategy to common chemical control. From the earliest acquired resistance studies in small animal models to proof of concept in large production animals, it was the isolation, characterization, and final recombinant protein production of the midgut antigen Bm86 from the Australian cattle tick strain of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (later reinstated as R. (B.) australis) that established tick subunit vaccines as a viable alternative in tick and tick-borne disease control. In the past 37 years, this antigen has spawned numerous tick subunit vaccines (either Bm86-based or novel), and though we are still describing its molecular structure and function, this antigen remains the gold standard for all tick vaccines. In this paper, advances in tick vaccine development over the past three decades are discussed alongside the development of biotechnology, where existing gaps and future directives in the field are highlighted.

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“…Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are well known for their key roles in controlling viral infections [ 1 , 2 ]. IFN-Is, which include IFNα, -β, and -ω, are rapidly activated during viral infections and then induce a unique set of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadly Antiviral Activities of TAP1 through Activating the TBK1-IRF3-Mediated Type I Interferon Production

Zhao

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Deeply understanding the virus-host interaction is a prerequisite for developing effective anti-viral strategies. Traditionally, the transporter associated with antigen processing type 1 (TAP1) is critical for antigen presentation to regulate adaptive immunity. However, its role in controlling viral infections through modulating innate immune signaling is not yet fully understood. In the present study, we reported that TAP1, as a product of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), had broadly antiviral activity against various viruses such as herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), adenoviruses (AdV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and influenza virus (PR8) etc. This antiviral activity by TAP1 was further confirmed by series of loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments. Our further investigation revealed that TAP1 significantly promoted the interferon (IFN)-β production through activating the TANK binding kinase-1 (TBK1) and the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling transduction. Our work highlighted the broadly anti-viral function of TAP1 by modulating innate immunity, which is independent of its well-known function of antigen presentation. This study will provide insights into developing novel vaccination and immunotherapy strategies against emerging infectious diseases.

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The Roles of Type I Interferon in Co-infections With Parasites and Viruses, Bacteria, or Other Parasites

Cited by 6 publications

References 63 publications

Investigation of Parasitic Infection in Crocodile Lizards (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) Using High-Throughput Sequencing

Investigation of Parasitic Infection in Crocodile Lizards (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) Using High-Throughput Sequencing

More than Three Decades of Bm86: What We Know and Where to Go

Broadly Antiviral Activities of TAP1 through Activating the TBK1-IRF3-Mediated Type I Interferon Production

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