The Root Tip and Accelerating Region Suppress Elongation of the Decelerating Region without any Effects on Cell Turgor in Primary Roots of Maize under Water Stress

Shimazaki, Yumi; Ookawa, Taiichiro; Hirasawa, Tadashi

doi:10.1104/pp.105.062091

Cited by 36 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Moreover, the synthesis of the above mentioned osmolytes as an energy dependent process which consumes a great quantity of ATP molecule, might affecting the growth (Raven 1985). On the other hand, a strong decline of cell division rate surely occurs in salt treated N. tabacum callus cell as observed in maize (Zidan et al 1990;Shimazaki et al 2005), in A. cepa (Bennici and Tani 2009) and Arabidopsis roots (West et al 2004). In regard to this last phenomenon, chromosomal aberrations (bridges, stickiness, fragmentation, exclusion, laggard and others) can not be excluded (Hossain et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural characteristics of callus cells of Nicotiana tabacum L. var. BELW3 grown in presence of NaCl

Bennici

Tani

2012

Caryologia

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An investigation by electron microscopy has been carried out on Nicotiana tabacum L. var. BELW3 callus cells grown in a medium containing different NaCl concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 M) for 60 days to study the salt effect at cell level. Control N. tabacum callus exhibited parenchymatous cell types with normal cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles and membranes, together to cells forming meristematic zones by normal mitosis and cytokinesis. The callus cells exposed to the lowest salt dose did not show specific structural changes in comparison to control cells. On the contrary, the callus cells treated with the salt at the highest doses showed alterations of chloroplasts, severe damages at nuclear and cytoplasmic level, until to a complete disorganization of the whole protoplast. Also mitochondria and the membranous system appeared injured. However, in all the salt treated callus cells amylopasts were very abundant. A peculiar phenomenon was the presence in these calli under salt stress of cells contiguous to the damaged or dead cells which appeared normal in their structure. This fact confirmed the possibility to regenerate plants from callus under salt treatment in view to obtain salt tolerant crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural characteristics of callus cells of Nicotiana tabacum L. var. BELW3 grown in presence of NaCl

Bennici

Tani

2012

Caryologia

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“…Root elongation is also inhibited under water stress, but there are two main differences between Al and drought stress: (i) under drought stress shoot growth is much more affected than root growth (reviewed by , whereas short and medium-term Al excess may strongly reduce root growth without affecting shoot growth (Kochian et al 2004;Yang et al 2009); (ii) Al toxicity reduces cell elongation along the entire elongation zone (Kollmeier et al 2000), whereas under water deficit or osmotic stress cell elongation is inhibited only in the basal and central elongation zones (definition of zones according to Ishikawa and Evans 1993), but maintained toward the root apex (Sharp et al 1988) in the distal and apical elongation zones (Shimazaki et al 2005) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Root-growth Response Of Plants To Aluminium Toxicity and Dromentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of aluminium and drought stress on root growth and crop yield on acid soils

2013

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Background Aluminium (Al) toxicity and drought stress are two major constraints for crop production in the world, particularly in the tropics. The variation in rainfall distribution and longer dry spells in much of the tropics during the main growing period of crops are becoming increasingly important yield-limiting factors with the global climate change. As a result, crop genotypes that are tolerant of both drought and Al toxicity need to be developed. Scope The present review mainly focuses on the interaction of Al and drought on root development, crop growth and yield on acid soils. It summarizes evidence from our own studies and other published/related work, and provides novel insights into the breeding for the adaptation to these combined abiotic stresses. The primary symptom of Al phytotoxicity is the inhibition of root growth. The impeded root system will restrict the roots for exploring the acid subsoil to absorb water and nutrients which is particularly important under condition of low soil moisture in the surface soil under drought. Whereas drought primarily affects shoot growth, effects of phytotoxic Al on shoot growth are mostly secondary effects that are induced by Al affecting root growth and function, while under drought stress root growth may even be promoted. Much progress has recently been made in the understanding of the physiology and molecular biology of the interaction between Al toxicity and drought stress in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in hydroponics and in an Al-toxic soil. Conclusions Crops growing on acid soils yield less than their potential because of the poorly developed root system that limits nutrient and water uptake. Breeding for drought resistance must be combined with Al resistance, to assure that drought resistance is expressed adequately in crops grown on soils with acid Al-toxic subsoils.

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“…As in the shoot model, growing tissue was seen as a distributed sink for water. However, since the publication of that theory, experimental studies have revealed that the root tip is not in equilibrium with the bathing medium (Pritchard et al, , 2000Gould et al, 2004;Shimazaki et al, 2005). Pressure probes combined with osmotic potential determinations have shown that the C of exterior root cells ranges from 20.17 to 20.6 MPa, depending on environmental conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modeling the Hydraulics of Root Growth in Three Dimensions with Phloem Water Sources

2009

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Primary growth is characterized by cell expansion facilitated by water uptake generating hydrostatic (turgor) pressure to inflate the cell, stretching the rigid cell walls. The multiple source theory of root growth hypothesizes that root growth involves transport of water both from the soil surrounding the growth zone and from the mature tissue higher in the root via phloem and protophloem. Here, protophloem water sources are used as boundary conditions in a classical, three-dimensional model of growth-sustaining water potentials in primary roots. The model predicts small radial gradients in water potential, with a significant longitudinal gradient. The results improve the agreement of theory with empirical studies for water potential in the primary growth zone of roots of maize (Zea mays). A sensitivity analysis quantifies the functional importance of apical phloem differentiation in permitting growth and reveals that the presence of phloem water sources makes the growth-sustaining water relations of the root relatively insensitive to changes in root radius and hydraulic conductivity. Adaptation to drought and other environmental stresses is predicted to involve more apical differentiation of phloem and/or higher phloem delivery rates to the growth zone.

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The Root Tip and Accelerating Region Suppress Elongation of the Decelerating Region without any Effects on Cell Turgor in Primary Roots of Maize under Water Stress

Cited by 36 publications

References 43 publications

Ultrastructural characteristics of callus cells of Nicotiana tabacum L. var. BELW3 grown in presence of NaCl

Ultrastructural characteristics of callus cells of Nicotiana tabacum L. var. BELW3 grown in presence of NaCl

Interaction of aluminium and drought stress on root growth and crop yield on acid soils

Modeling the Hydraulics of Root Growth in Three Dimensions with Phloem Water Sources

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