The rumen microbiome: a crucial consideration when optimising milk and meat production and nitrogen utilisation efficiency

Matthews, Chloe; Crispie, Fiona; Lewis, E.; Reid, M.; O’Toole, Paul W.; Cotter, Paul D.

doi:10.1080/19490976.2018.1505176

Cited by 287 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…Streptococcus bovis, a known rumen inhabitant that plays an increased digestive role in cattle that are being transitioned to high starch diets, has the potential to gain entry to the oral cavity via rumination [33][34][35]. In the current study, cattle were in the process of transitioning to a high starch diet (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Topography of the respiratory tract bacterial microbiota in cattle

McMullen

Alexander

Léguillette

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundBacterial bronchopneumonia (BP) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cattle. While the bacterial composition of the bovine upper respiratory tract (URT) has not been studied in detail, the nasopharynx is generally accepted as the primary source of pathogenic bacteria that cause BP.However, it has recently been shown in humans that the oropharynx may act as the primary reservoir for pathogens that reach the lung. The objective was therefore to describe the bacterial microbiota present along the entire cattle respiratory tract to determine which URT niches may contribute the most to the composition of the lung microbiota. MethodsSeventeen upper and lower respiratory tract locations were sampled from 15 healthy feedlot steer calves. Samples were collected using a combination of swabs, protected specimen brushes, and saline washes. DNA was extracted from each sample and the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4) was sequenced.Community composition, alpha-diversity, and beta-diversity were compared among sampling locations. ResultsMicrobiota composition differed across sampling locations, with physiologically and anatomically distinct locations showing different relative abundances of 1,137 observed sequence variants (SVs).An analysis of similarities showed that the lung was more similar to the nasopharynx (R-statistic = 0.091) than it was to the oropharynx (R-statistic = 0.709) or any other URT sampling location. Five distinct metacommunities were identified across all samples after clustering at the genus level using Dirichlet multinomial mixtures. This included a metacommunity found primarily in the lung and nasopharynx that was dominated by Mycoplasma . Further clustering at the SV level showed a shared metacommunity between the lung and nasopharynx that was dominated by Mycoplasma dispar .Other metacommunities found in the nostrils, tonsils, and oral microbiotas were dominated by Moraxella , Fusobacterium , and Streptococcus , respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Topography of the respiratory tract bacterial microbiota in cattle

McMullen

Alexander

Léguillette

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The concentration of ruminal NH 3 -N is an effective indicator of ruminal microbes’ activity [ 40 ]. The minimum concentration of ruminal NH 3 -N needed for microbial protein synthesis is 5 mg/dL [ 41 , 42 ], while a range of 10–20 mg/dL is required for an optimum concentration for fiber degradation [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary supplementation with different concentration of molasses on growth performance, blood metabolites and rumen fermentation indices of Nubian goats

2020

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Background Molasses is a potential energy supplement; extensively used to improve growth performance, milk and meat characteristics in goats at relatively low concentrations of 5–40% of the diet. Few data are available concerning feeding molasses to goat kids; therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with higher concentrations of molasses on growth performance, blood metabolites and rumen fermentation indices. Twenty male Nubian goat kids (4–6 months old; 9–10 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 4 groups receiving different concentration of molasses: 0% (M-0), 30% (M-30), 40% (M-40) and 45% (M-45) for 5 weeks. Feed (DFI) and water intake (DWI) were measured daily, while the blood and rumen liquor samples were collected weekly. Results The DFI increased and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased in all molasses-supplemented groups (P ≤ 0.05), whereas DWI increased in M-30 and decreased in M-45 (P ≤ 0.05). The final BW and average daily gain (ADG) increased (P < 0.0001) in groups M-30 and M-40 compared to the control and M-45. Blood pH was significantly influenced by dietary molasses concentration (MC) and the duration of molasses supplementation (MD), where it decreased in groups M-30 and M-45 compared to the control and M-40 (P < 0.05). The MC had no significant effect on blood Hb, HCT, TLC, albumin, [K+], AST, ALT and total protozoa count (TPC), as well as ruminal-[Na+], [K+], strong ion difference concentration ([SID3]) and [NH3]; however, only [NH3] was significantly affected by MD and the interaction between MC and MD (MC × MD). Serum TP, globulins, [Na+] and [Cl−] increased (P ≤ 0.05) in all supplemented groups, while A/G ratio and [SID3] decreased (P ≤ 0.05). Ruminal pH decreased (P < 0.0001) in M-40 and M-45 compared to the control and M-30. However, [VFAs] increased (P < 0.04) in M-30 and M-40 compared to the control and M-45, while osmolality increased (P ≤ 0.05) in M-30 compared to the other groups. Conclusions Dietary supplementation with molasses at a concentration of 30% for 3 weeks improved growth performance, protein metabolism and rumen fermentation without compromising animal health, immunity, and electrolytes and acid-base homeostasis.

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“…However, it is understood that the availability and action of the principles can be potentiated by the solubilisation in alcohol (Gomes et al, 2016). Alcohol could be harmful to rumen microorganisms, since it could affect the life of the microbiota (Matthews et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%