“…Theoretical papers, monographs, and dissertations based on detailed case studies emerge in different cities (see, for instance, Vardomsky, 2009;Vardomsky & Golunov, 2002). For example, in Kaliningrad researchers have studied the influence of the changing geopolitical situation of the exclave on bordering (Fedorov, Zverev, & Korneevets, 2013;Richard, Sebentsov, & Zotova, 2015). In Vladivostok, Irkutsk and Orenburg the emphasis has been the theory of cross-boundary natural and socio-economic systems as the basis of conflicts and co-operation (Kluev, 1996(Kluev, , 2017Baklanov & Ganzei, 2008, Baklanov, Novikov, & Ptitsyn, 2016.…”