The saddle gall midge, Haplodiplosis marginata (von Roser) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): Population dynamics and integrated management

A review of the biology, ecology and control of saddle gall midge,Haplodiplosis marginata(Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) with a focus on phenological forecasting

“…The life cycle of H. marginata was recently described in detail by Censier et al (2015). Haplodiplosis marginata is a univoltine species with the flight period beginning as early as mid-April and lasting until the beginning of July depending on environmental conditions ( Fig.…”

“…Females may undertake several short flights seeking a suitable oviposition site (Skuhravý et al, 1983). Eggs are laid in a chain-like or raft-like formation along the leaf veins of cereals and grasses (Dewar, 2012;Censier et al, 2015). Hatching occurs 1-2 weeks after oviposition depending on environmental conditions following which the larvae migrate down the leaf and begin to feed on the stem from beneath the leaf sheath (Golightly & Woodville, 1974).…”

“…Some degree of resistance to H. marginata was found in 28 out of 400 wheat varieties trialled in the Netherlands in 1966 as judged by a lack of gall formation (Nijveldt & Hulshoff, 1968), and complete resistance has recently been found in an old Russian variety (Mike Taylor, Limagrain, personal communication), although the exact mechanism of this resistance is currently unknown. No modern variety has, however, yet been identified that offers complete resistance, possibly as a result of outbreeding of any resistance traits (Skuhravý et al, 1993;Censier et al, 2015). Oats are a poor host with data suggesting that only 2-5% of the larvae survive following hatching (Skuhravý et al, 1993).…”

“…Agricultural systems in which cereal crops are grown continuously are particularly susceptible to outbreaks of H. marginata as high densities of larvae accumulate in the soil. Break crops are generally accepted as an effective means of reducing infestation by depleting larval soil populations (Censier et al, 2015). Skuhravý et al (1993) showed that infestations of wheat varieties were greatly reduced when sown after non-susceptible crops such as lucerne or potato rather than susceptible cereals.…”

Degree-day based phenological forecasting model of saddle gall midge ( Haplodiplosis marginata ) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) emergence

“…Stem breakage and secondary attack from pathogens at the site of the gall can also occur (Nijveldt and Hulshoff, 1968;Golightly and Woodville, 1974;Gratwick, 1992;Skuhravý et al, 1993). Following a resurgence of H. marginata outbreaks in several European countries from 2010 onwards, attempts have been made to consolidate and extend current knowledge of this insect to better inform pest management options (Censier et al, 2015;Rowley et al, 2016). Such reviews have highlighted the lack of information concerning H. marginata development and life cycle events.…”