The SASE1 X-ray beam transport system

Sinn, H.; Dommach, M.; Dickert, Bianca; Felice, M. Di; Dong, Xiaohao; Eidam, J.; Finze, D.; Freijo-Martin, I.; Gerasimova, Natalia; Kohlstrunk, N.; Civita, Daniele La; Meyn, F.; Music, Valerija; Neumann, Maik; Petrich, Michaela; Rio, Benoit; Samoylova, Liubov; Schmidtchen, Silja; Störmer, M.; Trapp, Alexander; Vannoni, Maurizio; Villanueva, R.; Yang, Fu‐Mei

doi:10.1107/s1600577519003461

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In conclusion, the photon vacuum system of the European XFEL was shown to fulfil all parameters stated in the Technical Design Report (Sinn et al, 2012). No particle contamination of X-ray mirror surfaces has been visible up to now.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Some of the most relevant device characteristics are summarized in Table 1. For a more detailed description, see Villanueva Guerrero (2021); for details of the initial specifications, see Sinn et al (2012) and Villanueva Guerrero (2014).…”

Section: Sase3 Gas Attenuatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the hard X-ray beamlines, this leads to long vacuum pipe sections to bridge the distance of about 550 m between distribution mirror and instruments, as the deflecting angles are very small. The above-mentioned X-ray mirrors as well as other state-of-the-art X-ray optics (Sinn et al, 2019) are very sensitive to hydrocarbon contamination and dust particles on the optical surfaces. As a bake-out of the entire vacuum system was considered too laborious, all components built into the vacuum beamline were specially cleaned before installation, to remove hydrocarboncontaining residuals from the manufacturing process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The photon beamline vacuum system of the European XFEL

Dommach¹,

Felice²,

Dickert³

et al. 2021

J Synchrotron Radiat

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The photon beamline vacuum system of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (European XFEL) is described. The ultra-large, in total more than 3 km-long, fan-like vacuum system, consisting of three photon beamlines is an essential part of the photon beam transport. It is located between the accelerator vacuum system and the scientific instruments. The main focus of the design was on the efficiency, reliability and robustness of the entire system to ensure the retention of beam properties and the operation of the X-ray optics and X-ray photon diagnostics components. Installation started in late 2014, the first of the three beamline vacuum systems was commissioned in spring 2017, and the last one was operational in mid-2018. The present state and experience from the first years of operation are outlined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Sase3 Gas Attenuatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The photon beamline vacuum system of the European XFEL

Dommach¹,

Felice²,

Dickert³

et al. 2021

J Synchrotron Radiat

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“…The offset mirrors M1 and M2 (at 290 and 301 m, respectively) are similar to those employed in the beam transport of SASE-1 (Tschentscher et al, 2017;Sinn et al, 2019). Two horizontally deflecting Si mirrors of 0.9 m active length (polished surface) are used to suppress background from higher-order harmonics.…”

Section: Offset Mirrorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility

Madsen¹,

Hallmann²,

Ansaldi³

et al. 2021

J Synchrotron Rad

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The Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL) facility is described. EuXFEL is the first hard X-ray free-electron laser operating in the MHz repetition range which provides novel science opportunities. The aim of MID is to enable studies of nano-structured materials, liquids, and soft- and hard-condensed matter using the bright X-ray beams generated by EuXFEL. Particular emphasis is on studies of structure and dynamics in materials by coherent scattering and imaging using hard X-rays. Commission of MID started at the end of 2018 and first experiments were performed in 2019.

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“…By probing these low-energy collective atomic/ionic motions and employing the principle of detailed balance 38 , one can directly infer the temperature of the atomic subsystem in thermal equilibrium. Here, we describe the use of the European XFEL [39][40][41][42] to measure the dynamic structure factor of single crystal (100) diamond at room temperature and at 500 K, with meV resolution. The lattice temperature is determined from the asymmetry of the measured inelastic scattering spectra and found to be within 8% of that measured by a thermocouple attached to the sample holder, comparable to previous measurements conducted at third generation synchrotron facilities 43 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach for the measurement of the bulk temperature of single crystal diamond using an X-ray free electron laser

Descamps

Ofori-Okai

Appel

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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We present a method to determine the bulk temperature of a single crystal diamond sample at an X-Ray free electron laser using inelastic X-ray scattering. The experiment was performed at the high energy density instrument at the European XFEL GmbH, Germany. The technique, based on inelastic X-ray scattering and the principle of detailed balance, was demonstrated to give accurate temperature measurements, within 8% for both room temperature diamond and heated diamond to 500 K. Here, the temperature was increased in a controlled way using a resistive heater to test theoretical predictions of the scaling of the signal with temperature. The method was tested by validating the energy of the phonon modes with previous measurements made at room temperature using inelastic X-ray scattering and neutron scattering techniques. This technique could be used to determine the bulk temperature in transient systems with a temporal resolution of 50 fs and for which accurate measurements of thermodynamic properties are vital to build accurate equation of state and transport models. From the thermal shield of a spacecraft during atmospheric re-entry 1 to the interior of Jovian planets 2 , matter is often found at pressures and temperatures that are at the limits of where conventional condensed matter and plasma physics formalisms are valid 3. At such extreme conditions, the kinetic energy of the electrons is comparable to the potential energy of interaction between electrons and the nuclei. For these systems, direct and accurate measurements of thermodynamic and transport properties are vital. Extreme states of matter can be produced by dynamic laser-driven compression 4-6 and laser heating techniques 7,8. These methods can excite a material into a transient state of simultaneously high density and temperature, and thereby enable access to previously unexplored regions of phase space. State-of-the-art experiments investigate the properties of materials driven into these conditions by coupling high-energy lasers with suitable probing techniques 9,10. In particular, X-ray scattering has proven to be a powerful tool for determining the structure and density, and the development of

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The SASE1 X-ray beam transport system

Cited by 19 publications

References 18 publications

The photon beamline vacuum system of the European XFEL

The photon beamline vacuum system of the European XFEL

Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility

An approach for the measurement of the bulk temperature of single crystal diamond using an X-ray free electron laser

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