The Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density for People Over 50 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study of the US Population

Ma, Ming; Feng, Zuyong; Liu, Xiaolong; Jia, Gengxin; Geng, Bin; Xia, Yayi

doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.763677

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The WC has been used to assess abdominal obesity, whereas the BMI has been used to assess overall obesity. A cross-sectional research of the American population found a link between BMI and BMD ( 23 ). Another study by Wiacek et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Saturation Effect of Obesity on Bone Mineral Density for Older People: The NHANES 2017–2020

Zhang

2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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IntroductionPrevious studies have shown that obesity has a positive effect on bone mineral density (BMD). However, excessive obesity is harmful to health, especially in older adults. In addition, it is unclear what body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) to maintain for the most beneficial BMD in older adults.MethodsMultivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between BMI, WC, and femoral neck BMD using the most recent data from the 2017–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Fitting smoothing curves and saturation effects analysis were also used to determine the association of nonlinear relationships between BMI, WC, and femoral neck BMD.ResultsThe analysis included a total of 2,903 adults. We discovered that BMD and WC were positively linked to femoral neck BMD. The favorable associations of BMI and WC with femoral neck BMD were maintained in all subgroup analyses stratified by sex and race, except among Mexican Americans. Furthermore, smoothing curve fitting revealed that the link between BMI and BMD was not only a linear connection, and that there was a saturation point. The BMI saturation value in the femoral neck BMD was 24.3 (kg/m2), according to the saturation effect analysis.ConclusionsIn persons over the age of 50, our research found a positive relationship between obesity and BMD, and we also found a saturation value between BMI and BMD. According to this study, maintaining BMI at a moderate level (about 24.3 kg/m2) would result in an optimal balance between BMI and BMD in adults over 50 years of age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Saturation Effect of Obesity on Bone Mineral Density for Older People: The NHANES 2017–2020

Zhang

2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…The saturation effect analysis showed that the BMI saturation value was 26.13 (kg/m2) for femur bone and 26.82 (kg/m2) for LS. The results suggest that maintaining a BMI at a slightly overweight level (approximately 26 kg/m2) may obtain optimal BMD [ 34 ]. A study on the relationship between the obesity index and BMD in Chinese people found that BMI levels were positively correlated with LS-BMD in men aged over 60 years [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal relationships between sex hormone traits, lifestyle factors, and osteoporosis in men: A Mendelian randomization study

Wang

Cheng²,

Wei³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Although observational studies have explored factors that may be associated with osteoporosis, it is not clear whether they are causal. Osteoporosis in men is often underestimated. This study aimed to identify the causal risk factors associated with bone mineral density(BMD) in men. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the exposures at the genome-wide significance (p < 5x10-8) level were obtained from corresponding genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and were utilized as instrumental variables. Summary-level statistical data for BMD were obtained from two large-scale UK Biobank GWASs. A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to identify causal risk factors for BMD. Regarding the BMD of the heel bone, the odds of BMD increased per 1-SD increase of free testosterone (FT) (OR = 1.13, P = 9.4 × 10−17), together with estradiol (E2) (OR = 2.51, P = 2.3 × 10−4). The odds of BMD also increased with the lowering of sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) (OR = 0.87, P = 7.4 × 10−8) and total testosterone (TT) (OR = 0.96, P = 3.2 × 10−2) levels. Regarding the BMD of the lumbar spine, the odds of BMD increased per 1-SD increase in FT (OR = 1.18, P = 4.0 × 10−3). Regarding the BMD of the forearm bone, the odds of BMD increased with lowering SHBG (OR = 0.75, P = 3.0 × 10−3) and TT (OR = 0.85, P = 3.0 × 10−3) levels. Our MR study corroborated certain causal relationships and provided genetic evidence among sex hormone traits, lifestyle factors and BMD. Furthermore, it is a novel insight that TT was defined as a disadvantage for osteoporosis in male European populations.

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“…Whether from the perspective of reducing other systemic diseases caused by obesity or reducing the incidence of fractures in adolescents, we should find an appropriate BMI while striving for a higher BMD. Ma et al found that, for Americans over 50 years of age, keeping the BMI at a slightly overweight value (about 26 kg/m 2 ) may reduce other adverse effects while obtaining an optimal BMD (44). While in adolescents, BMI saturation values for BMD may change substantially with age, and our findings are the first to investigate BMI saturation values for BMD in US adolescents aged 8-19 years at different ages.…”

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confidence: 58%

“…Ma et al. found that, for Americans over 50 years of age, keeping the BMI at a slightly overweight value (about 26 kg/m 2 ) may reduce other adverse effects while obtaining an optimal BMD ( 44 ). While in adolescents, BMI saturation values for BMD may change substantially with age, and our findings are the first to investigate BMI saturation values for BMD in US adolescents aged 8–19 years at different ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents of Different Ages: A Population-Based Study

et al. 2022

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BackgroundAdolescence is a critical period for bone development, and peak bone mass may be reached in late adolescence. Boosting bone accumulation at this time can help preserve adult bone health and avoid osteoporosis later in life. Body mass index (BMI) has been found to have a favorable impact on bone mineral density (BMD) in previous research. However, excessive obesity is harmful to health and may lead to various systemic diseases. Therefore, finding an appropriate BMI to maintain a balance between obesity and BMD is critical for adolescents.MethodsThe datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2020 were used in a cross-sectional investigation. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the linear connection between BMI and BMD. Fitted smoothing curves and threshold effect analysis were used to describe the nonlinear relationship. Subgroup analyses were then conducted based on gender and age.ResultsThis population-based study included a total of 6,143 adolescents aged 8–19 years. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, a good association between BMI and total BMD was shown [0.014 (0.013, 0.014)]. This positive association was maintained in all subgroup analyses grouped by sex and age. Furthermore, the association between BMI and BMD was nonlinear with a saturation point present, as evidenced by smoothed curve fitting. According to the threshold effect study, with an age group of two years, adolescents of different ages had different BMI saturation values with respect to BMD.ConclusionsOur study showed a significant positive and saturated association between BMI and BMD in adolescents aged 8–19 years. Maintaining BMI at saturation values may reduce other adverse effects while achieving optimal BMD.

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The Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density for People Over 50 Years Old: A Cross-Sectional Study of the US Population

Cited by 34 publications

References 64 publications

The Saturation Effect of Obesity on Bone Mineral Density for Older People: The NHANES 2017–2020

The Saturation Effect of Obesity on Bone Mineral Density for Older People: The NHANES 2017–2020

Causal relationships between sex hormone traits, lifestyle factors, and osteoporosis in men: A Mendelian randomization study

Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents of Different Ages: A Population-Based Study

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