Development of solid-state position-sensitive photocells is reviewed showing there are no quantitative results or design criteria available for the simplest arrangement which uses differentially connected separate cells. This type of photocell has been tested using silicon cells illuminated by a rectangular spot.Theory and experiment show that both low and high impedance loadings on the cells can give better than 0.5 per cent linearity over a considerable part of the available range. Application of this equipment to recording large amplitude ( + 20 °) rotary transients, small amplitude ( + 0"5 °) rotary transients and linear vibrations of varying amplitude is described, using parallel plate, optical lever and surface probing techniques. In each case a linearity of better than 1 per cent and a resolution of 1 part in 600 of the range were achieved. Output signals were photogenerated and were of sufficient magnitude to operate recorders or oscilloscopes without amplifiers.
IntroductionIn instrumentation for a wire-drum length measuring method [1] it is necessary to be able to record rotary transients of the drum, slow rotations of the drum due to temperature effects in the extended wire and linear displacements of the free end of the extended wire. Added inertia and damping due to instrumentation must be minimal; this indicates the need for non-contacting methods. A study of the literature indicated the most suitable method to be the use of solid-state position-sensitive photocells. Appropriate opticomechanical arrangements are used to convert the respective motions into linear displacements of a light beam across the detector. This paper reviews the development of solid-state position-sensitive cells and outlines three measurement techniques, namely, (1) parallel-plate technique for rotary vibrations of + 20 ° amplitude; (2) optical lever mirror technique for rotary vibrations of +0.5 ° amplitude; and (3) surface probing technique for linear vibrations and displacement measurement. The linearity in each case is better than 1 per cent.