The science of sharing and the sharing of science

Milkman, Katherine L.; Berger, Jonah

doi:10.1073/pnas.1317511111

Cited by 107 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The conflicting effects of attractiveness on interest and good scientist judgments indicate that, although the stereotypical scientist may be an impartial truth seeker with limited personal appeal (23,31), people partly treat science communication as a form of entertainment, where emotional impact and aesthetic appeal are desirable qualities (41). Presumably, it is pleasant to look at attractive researchers even if they do not fit one's conception of a top-notch scientist, a suggestion that is consistent with evidence that good-looking academics receive higher teacher evaluations but do not enjoy greater research success (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial appearance affects science communication

Gheorghiu

Callan

Skylark

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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First impressions based on facial appearance predict many important social outcomes. We investigated whether such impressions also influence the communication of scientific findings to lay audiences, a process that shapes public beliefs, opinion, and policy. First, we investigated the traits that engender interest in a scientist's work, and those that create the impression of a "good scientist" who does high-quality research. Apparent competence and morality were positively related to both interest and quality judgments, whereas attractiveness boosted interest but decreased perceived quality. Next, we had members of the public choose real science news stories to read or watch and found that people were more likely to choose items that were paired with "interestinglooking" scientists, especially when selecting video-based communications. Finally, we had people read real science news items and found that the research was judged to be of higher quality when paired with researchers who look like "good scientists." Our findings offer insights into the social psychology of science, and indicate a source of bias in the dissemination of scientific findings to broader society.science communication | impression formation | social cognition

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial appearance affects science communication

Gheorghiu

Callan

Skylark

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…In fact, Beyer and Trice (1982) noted that "only when scholars focused explicitly on utilization did they offer ideas or data about how to achieve it" (p. 594). Researchers within the sciences have conducted such studies, leading them to conclude that the crafting of information itself can increase research utilization (Backer, 1991(Backer, , 1993Saari, 2007), perceptions of the information's trustworthiness and persuasive value (Aarøe, 2011;de Bruinn and Bostrom, 2013), and the likelihood that the information will be shared with others (Berger, 2013;Milkman and Berger, 2014). Their recommendations include a user-orientated transformation (Backer, 1991(Backer, , 1993 that may evoke emotion (Aarøe, 2011), increase perceptions of usefulness (de Bruinn and Bostrom, 2013), and strike a positive tone (Milkman and Berger, 2014).…”

Section: Translationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Research: Off the Rails or on the Right Track?

Huber

2017

Design Management Journal

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If research findings remain unknown, they are unlikely to improve design processes and outcomes. While design scholars have lamented the lack of research utilization by practitioners, some designers have derided their efforts. While scholars have outlined strategies to decrease the research utilization gap, these are largely one‐sided suggestions and have lacked widespread implementation and testing. As such, a great deal of information likely remains out of the hands of those who could use it when making decisions that have real‐world implications. To determine a common understanding and collective direction surrounding design research utilization, this article synthesizes existing literature from social science, business, and information management, along with relevant findings from two national surveys. Using this evidence, this article proposes a model framed by economics and aimed at decreasing the research utilization gap prevalent in design. It calls for action on the part of both research producers and consumers and highlights specific issues, including topic selection, information translation, dissemination efforts, increasing awareness, value identification, and factors of action. The goal is for all parts of the design community to share in the responsibility for informing each other, thus growing our collective knowledge.

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“…Yet, Beyer and Trice () noted that “only when scholars focused explicitly on utilization did they offer ideas or data about how to achieve it” (p. 594). Researchers outside of design have conducted such inquiries, leading them to conclude that the crafting of information itself can increase utilization (Backer, , ; Saari, ), as well as improve perceptions of trustworthiness and persuasive value (Aarøe, ; de Bruijn & Bostrom, ) and the likelihood that the information will be shared (Berger, ; Milkman & Berger, ). Their recommendations include a user‐orientated transformation (Backer, , ) that not only advances readers’ perceptions of a topic's utility (de Bruijn & Bostrom, ) but that may also sway their emotions (Aarøe, ; Milkman & Berger, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Interior Designers’ Research Utilization Strategies and Information–Seeking Behaviors

Huber

2018

Journal of Interior Design

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Research findings that remain unknown to design practitioners stand little chance of improving their design processes or project outcomes. The research utilization gap is evident from both the perspectives of scholars and design practitioners. While design scholars have long lamented practitioners' apparent indifference toward scholarly research, some interior designers and architects attribute their apathy to irrelevance. The few strategies that have been offered to reconcile this divide largely remain untested. Consequently, little is known about practitioner motivations for seeking information and their patterns of behavior while doing so.This study used Pelz's Research Utilization Strategies and Hëinstrom's Information-Seeking Behaviors to gain a contemporary understanding of interior designers' information preferences (i.e., their motivations for seeking information and their activities while doing so). Findings stemming from 104 commercial interior designers and managers suggest that designers value information, often seeking sources for their general enlightenment. However, analysis revealed a statistically significant preference for rapid reviewing processes. Differences were also revealed between information preferences and the age and experience of respondents, such that inexperienced designers were more likely to use information to confirm beliefs rather than explore a problem.The apparent dichotomy between interior designers' desire to seek information and their often cursory behaviors while reviewing it, suggests that scholars who aim to share their findings with practitioner audiences may need to reexamine their dissemination strategies. Findings suggest confusion surrounding the ethical and appropriate application of information within project settings and design educators may wish to emphasize the application of research in studio settings.

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The science of sharing and the sharing of science

Cited by 107 publications

References 32 publications

Facial appearance affects science communication

Facial appearance affects science communication

Design Research: Off the Rails or on the Right Track?

Exploring Interior Designers’ Research Utilization Strategies and Information–Seeking Behaviors

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