The scientific objectives and payloads of Chang’E−4 mission

Jia, Yingzhuo; Zou, Yongliao; Ping, Jinsong; Xue, Changbin; Yan, Jun; Ning, Yuanming

doi:10.1016/j.pss.2018.02.011

Cited by 128 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The two ground penetrating radars onboard the CE‐4 rover will be able to reveal the subsurface structure of the landing area and test the stratigraphy predicted in this study. In a manner similar to the CE‐3 Yutu rover, the radar system of the CE‐4 rover has two frequency channels with different penetrating depths and vertical resolutions: Channel 1 has a frequency of 40–80 MHz, whereas Channel 2 has a frequency of 250–750 MHz (Jia et al, ). The radar system on the CE‐3 mission demonstrated that the Channel 2 radar could detect details of the subsurface structures up to a depth of ~12 m, and the Channel 1 radar could reveal subsurface structures up to ~400 m (Xiao et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological Characteristics of Von Kármán Crater, Northwestern South Pole‐Aitken Basin: Chang'E‐4 Landing Site Region

et al. 2018

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Von Kármán crater (diameter = ~186 km), lying in the northwestern South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) basin, was formed in the pre‐Nectarian. The Von Kármán crater floor was subsequently flooded with one or several generations of mare basalts during the Imbrian period. Numerous subsequent impact craters in the surrounding region delivered ejecta to the floor, together forming a rich sample of the SPA basin and farside geologic history. We studied in details the targeted landing region (45.0–46.0°S, 176.4–178.8°E) of the 2018 Chinese lunar mission Chang'E‐4, within the Von Kármán crater. The topography of the landing region is generally flat at a baseline of ~60 m. Secondary craters and ejecta materials have covered most of the mare unit and can be traced back to at least four source craters (Finsen, Von Kármán L, Von Kármán L', and Antoniadi) based on preferential spatial orientations and crosscutting relationships. Extensive sinuous ridges and troughs are identified spatially related to Ba Jie crater (diameter = ~4 km). Reflectance spectral variations due to difference in both composition and physical properties are observed among the ejecta from various‐sized craters on the mare unit. The composition trends were used together with crater scaling relationships and estimates of regolith thickness to reconstruct the subsurface stratigraphy. The results reveal a complex geological history of the landing region and set the framework for the in situ measurements of the CE‐4 mission, which will provide unique insights into the compositions of farside mare basalt, SPA compositional zone including SPA compositional anomaly and Mg‐pyroxene annulus, regolith evolution, and the lunar space environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological Characteristics of Von Kármán Crater, Northwestern South Pole‐Aitken Basin: Chang'E‐4 Landing Site Region

et al. 2018

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“…Besides safe and efficient traversing, it is extremely important for the rover to approach the designated science target and acquire scientific data using its science payloads. The visible and near-infrared imaging spectrometer (VNIS), comprising of a visible and near-infrared (VNIR) imaging spectrometer and a shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectrometer, is a significant instrument for investigating the mineralogical compositions of lunar surface materials [30]. The mineral composition and abundance at the CE-4 landing site represent substantial information on the evolution of the lunar far side, which can be partially deciphered by the full spectrum acquired by VNIS.…”

Section: Science Target Approachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landing site topographic mapping and rover localization for Chang’e-4 mission

Liu

et al. 2020

Sci. China Inf. Sci.

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This paper presents the techniques and results of landing-site topographic mapping and rover localization using orbital, descent and rover images in the Chang'e-4 mission. High-resolution maps of the landing site are generated from orbital and descent images. Local digital elevation models and digital orthophoto maps with 0.02 m resolution are generated at each waypoint. The location of the lander is determined as (177.588 • E, 45.457 • S) using festure-matching techniques. The cross-site visual localization method is routinely used to localize the rover at each waypoint to reduce error accumulation from wheel slippage and IMU drift in dead reckoning. After the first five lunar days, the rover travels 186.66 m from the lander, according to the cross-site visual localization. The developed methods and results have been directly utilized to support the mission's operations. The maps and localization information are also valuable for supporting multiple scientific explorations of the landing site.

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“…An important role in these studies play the Moon as a natural shield from anthropogenic radio frequency interference (RFI). It is expected that the first demonstration of ULW VLBI will be attempted in 2019 in the framework of the Chinese-Dutch experiment NCLE aboard the Chinese Lunar mission Chang'E-4 (Jia et al, 2018). Several other ULW VLBI initiatives and projects are under development with the aim of becoming operational in the coming decade (Boonstra et al (2016); Belov et al (2018); Bentum et al (2019) and references therein).…”

Section: Conclusion and Forward Lookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space VLBI: from first ideas to operational missions

Gurvits

2020

Advances in Space Research

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The operational period of the first generation of dedicated Space VLBI (SVLBI) missions commenced in 1997 with the launch of the Japan-led mission VSOP/HALCA and is coming to closure in 2019 with the completion of in-flight operations of the Russia-led mission RadioAstron. They were preceded by the SVLBI demonstration experiment with the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) in 1986-1988. While the comprehensive lessons learned from the first demonstration experiment and two dedicated SVLBI missions are still awaiting thorough attention, several preliminary conclusions can be made. This paper addresses some issues of implementation of these missions as they progressed over four decades from the original SVLBI concepts to the operational status.

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The scientific objectives and payloads of Chang’E−4 mission

Cited by 128 publications

References 13 publications

Geological Characteristics of Von Kármán Crater, Northwestern South Pole‐Aitken Basin: Chang'E‐4 Landing Site Region

Geological Characteristics of Von Kármán Crater, Northwestern South Pole‐Aitken Basin: Chang'E‐4 Landing Site Region

Landing site topographic mapping and rover localization for Chang’e-4 mission

Space VLBI: from first ideas to operational missions

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