The Scope of Moral Requirement

Herman, Barbara

doi:10.1111/j.1088-4963.2001.00227.x

Cited by 67 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…vto the extent that some commentators believe that the duty of beneficence is derived from autonomy considerations, rather than the other way around 18 19…”

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confidence: 99%

Should healthcare professionals respect autonomy just because it promotes welfare?

Molyneux¹

2009

J Med Ethics

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Respect for autonomy is an important moral principle within medical ethics. However, the question of whether the normative importance of respect for autonomy is derived from other moral principles (such as welfare) or has independent moral value is debatable. In this paper it is argued that the normative importance of autonomy is derived from both welfare and non-welfare considerations. Welfare considerations provide two types of reason to respect autonomy, one related to the role of autonomy in creating welfare and one related to its role in constituting welfare. In addition, autonomy seems to have normative importance that is unrelated to welfare considerations. This type of normative role is difficult to defend within medical ethics, because most non-welfare justifications of autonomy work for only a proportion of the autonomous decisions that patients make and give no clear guidance on how to respond to autonomous yet welfare-reducing treatment requests. A recent account of autonomy (Stephen Darwall's "demand" account) provides a nuanced defence of autonomy that does not rely on welfare considerations. Darwall's approach seems to work well within medical ethics and provides a principled explanation of how to respond to autonomous patient requests for treatment options that may not be in their best medical interests. It is argued that to fully respect autonomy within a medical consultation, practitioners must consider non-welfare autonomy as well as instrumental and intrinsic welfare-related autonomy.

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“…vto the extent that some commentators believe that the duty of beneficence is derived from autonomy considerations, rather than the other way around 18 19…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Should healthcare professionals respect autonomy just because it promotes welfare?

Molyneux¹

2009

J Med Ethics

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“…This is because they are seen as having special obligations to their family members not only by virtue of their blood relation but also owing to the putative quality of the relationship. Proximity to or distance from that parent in no way obviates the reasons one otherwise has to act in ways appropriate to that familial bond (see Herman, 2002). However, notwithstanding the goods to come of our familial and social bonds, including those we share with compatriots, we still have reason to be concerned with the means by which said bonds develop.…”

Section: Partialities and Loyaltiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patriotism, History and the Legitimate Aims of American Education

Merry

2009

Educational Philosophy and Theory

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This article argues that while an attachment to one's country is both natural and even partially justifiable, cultivating loyal patriotism in schools is untenable insofar as it conflicts with the legitimate aims of education. These aims include the epistemological competence necessary for ascertaining important truths germane to the various disciplines; the cultivation of critical thinking skills (i.e. the ability to even-handedly consider counterfactual evidence); and developing the capacity for economic self-reliance. The author argues that loyal patriotism may result in a myopic understanding of history, an unhealthy attitude of superiority relative to other cultures, and a coerced sense of attachment to one's homeland.

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“…Both texts are included in Kant (1996). For useful recent discussion on Kant's account of duties of beneficence and justice see Herman (2002). See also O'Neill (2000, Chapters 7 and 10).…”

Section: IVmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Duty to Eradicate Global Poverty: Positive or Negative?

Gilabert

2005

Ethic Theory Moral Prac

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In World Poverty and Human Rights, Thomas Pogge argues that the "global rich" have a duty to eradicate severe poverty in the world. The novelty of Pogge's approach is to present this demand as stemming from basic commands which are negative rather than positive in nature: the global rich have an obligation to eradicate the radical poverty of the "global poor" not because of a norm of beneficence asking them to help those in need when they can at little cost to themselves, but because of their having violated a principle of justice not to unduly harm others by imposing on them a coercive global order that makes their access to the objects of their human right to subsistence insecure. In this paper, I claim that although Pogge is right in arguing that negative duties are crucial in an account of global justice, he is wrong in saying that they are the only ones that are crucial. Harming the global poor by causing their poverty provides a sufficient but not a necessary condition for the global rich to have a duty of justice to assist them. After engaging in a critical analysis of Pogge's argument, I conclude by suggesting the need for a robust conception of cosmopolitan solidarity that includes positive duties of assistance which are not mere duties of charity, but enforceable ones of justice.

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The Scope of Moral Requirement

Abstract: 2. For the best recent account of these issues, see Liam B. Murphy, Moral Demands in Nonideul Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).

Cited by 67 publications

References 1 publication

Should healthcare professionals respect autonomy just because it promotes welfare?

Should healthcare professionals respect autonomy just because it promotes welfare?

Patriotism, History and the Legitimate Aims of American Education

The Duty to Eradicate Global Poverty: Positive or Negative?

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