The [¹³C]octanoic acid breath test for gastric emptying quantification: A focus on nutrition and modeling

Abstract

Gastric emptying (GE) is the process of food being processed by the stomach and delivered to the small intestine where nutrients such as lipids are absorbed into the blood circulation. The combination of an easy and inexpensive method to measure GE such as the CO2 breath test using the stable isotope [13C]octanoic acid with semi‐mechanistic modeling could foster a wider application in nutritional studies to further understand the metabolic response to food. Here, we discuss the use of the [13C]octanoic acid breath test to label the solid phase of a meal, and the factors that influence GE to support mechanistic studies. Furthermore, we give an overview of existing mathematical models for the interpretation of the breath test data and how much nutritional studies could benefit from a physiological based pharmacokinetic model approach.

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“…The 13 C octanoic acid breath test assesses the extent of the absorption of the drugs from GRDDSs using radioactive 13 C octanoic acid [6]. It is an easy and inexpensive method to determine gastric emptying and the impact of food on gastric motility; so, it could be a useful method for further studying the impact of food over the gastric residence time of GRDDSs in the fed/unfed state, but further information is needed [120].…”