The <scp>USEPA</scp>'s distribution system water quality modelling program: a historical perspective

Clark, Robert M.

doi:10.1111/wej.12132

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…EPANET was created in the early 1990's in response to the water utility industry's need for a model that integrated both hydraulic analysis and water quality modelling into one package. This software provided the basis for most of the proprietary and non-proprietary water quality models used today (Clark, 2015b). EPANET models hydraulic behavior and water quality within drinking water distribution systems, and has been used in a variety of research studies around the world (Clark, 2015a;Grayman, 2018).…”

Section: Design and Analysis Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This software provided the basis for most of the proprietary and non-proprietary water quality models used today (Clark, 2015b). EPANET models hydraulic behavior and water quality within drinking water distribution systems, and has been used in a variety of research studies around the world (Clark, 2015a;Grayman, 2018). Using EPANET, one can run extended-period simulations of pipe networks and, for example, track the flow of water in each pipe, the pressure at each node, the height of the water in each tank, and chemical concentration, water age and source tracing throughout the network.…”

Section: Design and Analysis Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement science research needs for premise plumbing systems

Persily¹,

Yashar²,

Ferretti³

et al. 2020

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Premise plumbing systems constitute an essential component of the built environment by providing immediate access to clean, potable water and a safe, reliable means of removing wastewater from homes, businesses and other institutions. Plumbing systems evolved extensively throughout the 20 th century beginning with efforts in the 1920s to develop the technical understanding needed to support system design and regulation, much of which was initiated by then Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover to address a range of health and performance issues. Plumbing systems continue to evolve in response to current concerns about cost, water availability, environmental impacts and safety.A series of policy actions including the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, the Energy Security Act of 1980 and the Energy Policy Act of 1992 sought to improve water quality, water use efficiency, and energy efficiency. These changes led to notable achievements including the reduction of lead in plumbing products and the introduction of low-flow fixtures. For example, a typical single-family, detached home today uses 22 % less water for indoor purposes than it did two decades ago (DeOreo, et al., 2016). As a result, the flow rates within the piping networks and the corresponding residence times can be significantly different than those assumed under current design methods. Consequently, the assumptions surrounding the effectiveness of water treatment practices are not necessarily applicable, leading to the potential for decreased water quality. These and other realities have led to a situation in which plumbing systems are being designed, installed and operated in vastly different ways from what is supported by the technical data and understanding embodied in current codes, standards and practice.Plumbing design approaches, codes and standards have not kept pace with these changes, in large part because of the existence of significant technical knowledge gaps. Research is needed to address these gaps in support of water efficiency and water quality goals to ensure the effectiveness of these systems today and in the future. This report documents specific research needs to advance plumbing system design, operation and maintenance, as well as the standards, codes and guidelines that apply to these systems. The primary concerns that motivated this effort to identify premise plumbing research needs are water quality, water efficiency, and energy efficiency. Water quality is one of the biggest concerns as it directly affects the health and safety of building occupants, and is becoming an increasingly complex challenge. Water quality concerns fall into three main categories: metallic, chemical, and biological. The need for water efficiency is expected to become more pressing as a result of population growth, climate change and infrastructure challenges. The availability of water is largely a regional issue, and there are many areas around the U.S. and throughout the world that are subject to recurring water shortages, even under non-drought conditions....

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Section: Design and Analysis Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design and Analysis Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement science research needs for premise plumbing systems

Persily¹,

Yashar²,

Ferretti³

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…38,81,92,93 Model simulation can be done for steady-state or an extended period. 89,94 A steady state simulation provides a snapshot of the system behaviour for a specific point in time or under steadystate conditions where hydraulic grades and flow rates remain constant over time. An extended period simulation considers time varying conditions such as changes in water demand patterns or changes in tank storage levels to determine the spatial distribution of various water quality parameters.…”

Section: Environmental Science: Water Research and Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of chloramine decay models in drinking water system

Hossain

Chow

Cook

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol.

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“…This network has been used in various studies related to water quality and WDS hydraulics (Rossman et al1994;Boccelli et al 1998;Nilsson et al 2005;May et al 2008;Clark 2015).…”

Section: Case Study 1: Brushy Plains Wdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Water Quality Modeling with Ensemble Kalman Filter for State and Parameter Estimation in Water Distribution Networks

Rajakumar

Kumar

Amrutur

et al. 2019

J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.

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This study presents a novel approach for real time water quality state (chlorine concentration) and reaction parameter estimation in Water Distribution Systems (WDS) using Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) based data assimilation techniques. Two different types of EnKF based methods are used in this study: (a) Non-Iterative Restart-EnKF (NIR-EnKF) and Iterative Restart-EnKF (IR-EnKF). Use of these data assimilation frameworks for addressing key uncertainties in water quality models such as (i) uncertainty in the source or initial concentration of chlorine and (ii) uncertainty in wall reaction parameter, is studied. The effect of ensemble size, number and location of measurement nodes, measurement error and noise are also studied extensively in this work. The performance of the methodology proposed is tested on two different water networks: (i) Brushy Plains Network; (ii) and a big, city-wide WDS, Bangalore inflow network. The results of the simulation study show that, both NIR-EnKF and IR-EnKF methods are appropriate for dealing with uncertainty in source chlorine concentration, whereas IR-EnKF method performs better than NIR-EnKF method in case of reaction parameter uncertainty.

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The USEPA's distribution system water quality modelling program: a historical perspective

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Measurement science research needs for premise plumbing systems

Measurement science research needs for premise plumbing systems

Review of chloramine decay models in drinking water system

Real-Time Water Quality Modeling with Ensemble Kalman Filter for State and Parameter Estimation in Water Distribution Networks

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