The <scp>WY</scp> domain in the <i>Phytophthora</i> effector <scp>PSR</scp>1 is required for infection and <scp>RNA</scp> silencing suppression activity

Zhang, Peng; Jia, Yijuan; Shi, Jinxia; Chen, Chen; Ye, Wenwu; Wang, Yuanchao; Ma, Wenbo; Qiao, Yongli

doi:10.1111/nph.15836

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Gene-specific primers were designed using Primer Premier 5.0 (Table S1). Then, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was carried out using Maxima SYBR Green/ROX qPCR Master Mix (Zhang et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2020). The EF-1a gene was used as an internal reference.…”

Section: Rna Extraction and Quantitative Real-time Pcr (Qrt-pcr) Analmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Mining of Wheat DUF966 Gene Family Provides New Insights Into Salt Stress Responses

et al. 2020

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Domain of unknown function (DUF) proteins constitute a great deal of families of functionally uncharacterized proteins in eukaryotes. The DUF966 gene family is found in monocotyledons, dicotyledons, mosses, and other species. However, little is known about the functions of DUF966 genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we identified and characterized the TaDUF966 gene family members in wheat by in silico analysis. A total of 28 TaDUF966 proteins were identified in wheat. Phylogenetic analysis divided these proteins into two groups (Groups I and II). Proteins in each group showed a highly conserved DUF966 domain and conserved motif distribution, implying their functional conservation. Analysis of gene expression profiling data showed that some TaDUF966 genes were induced by salt stress. We further confirmed the role of TaDUF966-9B in salt stress using virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) assay. Compared with the empty vector control, the TaDUF966-9B knockdown plants exhibited severe leaf curling at 10 days post-inoculation with BSMV under salt stress, suggesting that TaDUF966 genes play a vital role in salt stress tolerance in wheat. Taken together, these results expand our knowledge of the evolution of the DUF966 gene family in wheat and promote the potential application of these genes in wheat genetic improvement.

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Section: Rna Extraction and Quantitative Real-time Pcr (Qrt-pcr) Analmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Mining of Wheat DUF966 Gene Family Provides New Insights Into Salt Stress Responses

et al. 2020

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“…Samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR as described previously (Zhang et al, 2019;Xu et al, 2020). Briefly, 1 µg of total RNA was reverse transcribed using the TransScript II One-Step gDNA Removal and cDNA Synthesis SuperMix (TransGen Biotech).…”

Section: Expression Analysis Of Mirnas and Their Targets By Qrt-pcr Amentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Throughput Sequencing-Based Identification of Arabidopsis miRNAs Induced by Phytophthora capsici Infection

Zhu

Fang

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding endogenous RNAs. In plants, miRNAs play vital functions in regulating growth, development, and stress response. However, the role of miRNAs in Arabidopsis-Phytophthora capsici (P. capsici) model pathosystem is poorly understood. Here, we used a high-throughput sequencing approach to identify pathogen-responsive miRNAs using 15 small RNA (sRNA) libraries prepared from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves collected at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h postinoculation with P. capsici. A total of 293 known miRNAs and 6 potential novel sRNAs (miRNAs or siRNAs) were identified, of which 33 miRNAs were differentially expressed at four different infection stages. To verify the reliability of the sRNA-seq results, we investigated the expression of five sRNAs upregulated throughout the four infection stages and their potential target genes using northern blot analysis and/or stem-loop quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the potential target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs, both conserved and novel, were enriched in pathways such as starch and sugar metabolism, spliceosome, and plant-pathogen interaction, indicating that the splicing machinery and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins play important roles in the response to P. capsici infection. Taken together, these results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis by P. capsici. Additionally, these results will serve as a strong foundation for further in-depth analysis of miRNAs involved in the resistance to Phytophthora species in other crops.

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“…Functional studies of WY domain containing proteins have indicated that certain residues in the WY domain are essential for the immune suppressing functions of P. sojae effectors Avr1b [32] and PSR1 [33], and P. infestans effectors Avr3a [34] and PexRD2 [35]. Furthermore, mutation of two conserved leucines in the WY domain of PexRD2 disrupted interaction with its target, MAPKKKε, consistent with this domain being important for protein-protein interactions [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effector prediction and characterization in the oomycete pathogen Bremia lactucae reveal host-recognized WY domain proteins that lack the canonical RXLR motif

et al. 2020

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Pathogens that infect plants and animals use a diverse arsenal of effector proteins to suppress the host immune system and promote infection. Identification of effectors in pathogen genomes is foundational to understanding mechanisms of pathogenesis, for monitoring field pathogen populations, and for breeding disease resistance. We identified candidate effectors from the lettuce downy mildew pathogen Bremia lactucae by searching the predicted proteome for the WY domain, a structural fold found in effectors that has been implicated in immune suppression as well as effector recognition by host resistance proteins. We predicted 55 WY domain containing proteins in the genome of B. lactucae and found substantial variation in both sequence and domain architecture. These candidate effectors exhibit several characteristics of pathogen effectors, including an N-terminal signal peptide, lineage specificity, and expression during infection. Unexpectedly, only a minority of B. lactucae WY effectors contain the canonical N-terminal RXLR motif, which is a conserved feature in the majority of cytoplasmic effectors reported in Phytophthora spp. Functional analysis of 21 effectors containing WY domains revealed 11 that elicited cell death on wild accessions and domesticated lettuce lines containing resistance genes, indicative of recognition of these effectors by the host immune system. Only two of the 11 recognized effectors contained the canonical RXLR motif, suggesting that there has been an evolutionary divergence in sequence motifs between genera; this has major consequences for robust effector prediction in oomycete pathogens.

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The WY domain in the Phytophthora effector PSR1 is required for infection and RNA silencing suppression activity

Cited by 33 publications

References 43 publications

Genome-Wide Mining of Wheat DUF966 Gene Family Provides New Insights Into Salt Stress Responses

Genome-Wide Mining of Wheat DUF966 Gene Family Provides New Insights Into Salt Stress Responses

High-Throughput Sequencing-Based Identification of Arabidopsis miRNAs Induced by Phytophthora capsici Infection

Effector prediction and characterization in the oomycete pathogen Bremia lactucae reveal host-recognized WY domain proteins that lack the canonical RXLR motif

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