The screening for common drugs of abuse in whole blood by means of EMIT-ETS and FPIA-ADx urine immunoassays

Maier, R. D.; Erkens, M.; Hoenen, Hubertus; Bogusz, M

doi:10.1007/bf02340835

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Amphetamine immunoassay after Extrelut extraction of whole blood or serum samples is not reliable and was stopped after a series of experiments using both amphetamine or methamphetamine as reference substances. This result is in agreement with the findings of Maier et al (1992) as well as with Bogusz and co-workers (1990). Both authors had used an acetone precipitation prior to their FPIA measurements.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 95%

“…Therefore existing urine assays had been adapted for the examination of blood samples. Previously reported methods for the screening of whole blood for common drugs of abuse include EMIT and FPIA immunoassays after precipitation of the blood samples with either methanol (Peel et al, 1981;Asselin et al, 1988;Gjerde et al, 1990), acetone (Lewellen et al, 1988;Bogusz et al, 1990;Maier et al, 1992); N,N-dimethylformamide (Blum et al, 1989;Klinger et al, 1990), trichloroacetic acid (McCord, 1988) or liquidlliquid extraction (Slightom et al, 1978;Slightom et al, 1982). The purpose of this paper was to develop a method based on a homogenous immunoassay for the rapid screening of opiates, benzodiazepines, benzoylecgonine, barbiturates and methadone from autopsy, police and hospital blood samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for the Detection of Drugs of Abuse in Human Whole Blood

Keller¹,

Schneider²,

Dirnhofer

et al. 2000

Med Sci Law

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a technique which has been known for a number of years. Since the development of the fundamental principles of fluorescence polarization by Perrin in a series of papers beginning in 1926, immunological techniques using labelled reactants have gained an extraordinary importance in the field of medical research and in routine diagnosis. As one of the non-radioactive immunological techniques, FPIA has found broad application in clinical and forensic toxicology. The authors report a new method to quickly screen autopsy, police and hospital blood samples for opiates, benzodiazepines, benzoylecgonine, barbiturates and methadone after Extrelut extraction utilising the FPIA methodology.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for the Detection of Drugs of Abuse in Human Whole Blood

Keller¹,

Schneider²,

Dirnhofer

et al. 2000

Med Sci Law

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The FPIA method gave more precise results, particurlaly in the case of autopsy blood and the method was applied for drug screening in autopsy and police blood samples. The results (both positive and negative) were in agreetment with those obtained with chromatography [8] Performance of FPIA inmunoassays compared EMIT immunoassay has been also carried out regarding to drugs of abuse considering two alternative pretretment procedures of the samples, acetone precipitation and ultrafiltration [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Applicability of an inmunoassay test for its use in post-mortem blood regarding to cocaine and opiates

et al. 2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Objectives: the number of deaths related to drugs of abuse makes necessary the use of tests for those cases in which a detection of the consumed drug is required. AxSYM system provides a simple, and reliable tool for the qualitative analysis of drugs and medicaments in urine and blood. Owing that this test is prepared, in the case of drugs of abuse, for urine samples, a validation becomes essential in order to use it for a different matrix than the established one. Methods: A total of 228 blood samples were obtained during autopsies by forensic doctors in those cases in which there was a suspicion of a drug-related death or when the deceased person had a history of drug abuse. All autopsies were carried out in the pathology service of the institut de medicina legal de Catalunya. Samples were processed by AxSYM analyzer immunoassay test and were compared with a qualitative GC-MS-MS analysis. Results: Sensitivity, specificity and predictive positive and negative values for cocaine were 74%, 97%, 97% and 78% respectively. For opiates were 68%, 99%, 95% a and 90% respectively. Results are only moderately related to sensibility of both drugs. The reliability of the test is supported by the reasonable agreement found with the results obtained from a highly sensitive method such as GC-MS-MS in a qualitative point of view. No other comparison or extrapolation to other biological matrixes has been achieved Key words: Forensic science, toxicology, drug abuse, immunoassay, cocaine, opiates, post-mortem blood Résumé -Objectifs : Le nombre de décès associés à la toxicomanie rend nécessaire l'utilisation de tests pour les cas dans lesquels une détection de la drogue consommée est requise. Le système AxSYM constitue un outil simple et fiable pour l'analyse quantitative des drogues et médicaments dans l'urine et dans le sang. Du fait que cette analyse est prévue, en cas de toxicomanie, pour des échantillons d'urine, une validation devient essentielle afin de l'employer dans une matrice différente. Méthodes : Un total de 228 échantillons sanguins a été obtenu pendant des autopsies par des médecins légistes dans des cas où il y avait une suspicion de décès associé à la drogue ou quand la personne décédée avait un passé de toxicomane. Toutes les autopsies ont été réalisées à l'Institut de médicine légale de Catalogne. Les échantillons ont été traités par l'analyseur d'immunoanalyse AxSYM et ont été comparés à une analyse qualitative GC-MS-MS (couplage chromatographie de masse/spectrométrie de masse). Résultats : La sensibilité, la spécificité et les valeurs prédictives positives et négatives pour la cocaïne étaient respectivement de 74 %, 97 %, 97 % et 78 %. Pour les opiacés, les résultats étaient respectivement de 68 %, 99 %, 95 % et 90 %. La sensibilité est modérée pour les deux drogues. La fiabilité de l'analyse est étayée par la bonne relation trouvée avec les résultats obtenus à partir d'une méthode hautement sensible comme la GC-MS-MS d'un point de vue qualitatif. Aucune autre comparaison ou extrapolation d'autres ...

show abstract

“…Immunochemical screening of femoral blood samples from both cases, performed by means of EMIT-ETS assay [11], revealed positive reaction on opiates. The samples of blood (ca.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Postmortem distribution pattern of morphine and morphine glucuronides in heroin overdose

Bogusz

1997

International Journal of Legal Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sir, I have read with great interest an article of G. Skopp et al. [1] on post-mortem distribution of morphine and its glucuronides in heroin overdose cases. The authors have determined morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G), morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) as well as water content and hematocrit values in blood samples, taken from different sites in four cases of acute, fatal heroin overdose. In three cases, cerebrospinal fluid was also investigated, in one case together with vitreous humor. The analytes were determined by means of HPLC with fluorescent detection, using external calibration curve.In discussion the authors stated, that the concentrations of morphine, M3G and M6G exhibited a marked site dependent concentration range.However, a close look on the results presented did not reveal any specific pattern, which the concentrations of all analytes or their molar ratios should follow. The results, and particularly the molar ratios seemed to be erratically scattered over the whole concentration range observed. Particular concern deserved the determination of M6G; in four samples this substance was not detected, despite pretty high concentrations of morphine and M3G, and the ratio M6G/morphine showed variations exceeding 800% in one case.The available toxicological literature contains a good amount of observations evidencing, that the concentrations of drugs in post-mortem blood are site-and time dependent. In general, the concentrations were higher in central vessels and in heart and are more subjected to post-mortem increase than those in peripheral veins. This was observed for barbiturates [2, 3], antidepressants [3-6], benzodiazepines [6], cocaine [7] and non-opiate analgesics [8,9]. The distribution data for opiates (morphine and codeine) are scarce but show similar trend [4,6]. In our own study on the determination of morphine, M3G, M6M and 6-monoacetylmorphine in postmortem femoral blood, cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous humor a strong correlation between the values in all fluids was observed [10].This obvious disagreement of presented results with the published data prompted us to perform a short own study on the same topic, applying more specific method of identification and quantification by means of deuterated internal standards. MaterialThe samples of body fluids were taken from two cases of acute heroin overdose.Case 1 (S-541/96) 31-year-old jobless man was found in the city park. Used syringe and heroin utensils were found nearby. The autopsy was performed 20 hr later. Case 2 (S-555/96) 40-year-old man with known story of drug abuse was found dead in his apartment. Used syringe was found nearby. The autopsy was performed 3 days after discovery of the body.Immunochemical screening of femoral blood samples from both cases, performed by means of EMIT-ETS assay [11], revealed positive reaction on opiates. The samples of blood (ca. 5 ml each) were taken from thoracic aorta, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, left subclavian vein, right subclavian vein, left femoral vein and right femoral vein. The ...

show abstract

The screening for common drugs of abuse in whole blood by means of EMIT-ETS and FPIA-ADx urine immunoassays

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for the Detection of Drugs of Abuse in Human Whole Blood

Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for the Detection of Drugs of Abuse in Human Whole Blood

Applicability of an inmunoassay test for its use in post-mortem blood regarding to cocaine and opiates

Postmortem distribution pattern of morphine and morphine glucuronides in heroin overdose

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About