The Sea Spray Chemistry and Particle Evolution study (SeaSCAPE): overview and experimental methods

Sauer, J. S.; Mayer, K. J.; Lee, Christopher; Alves, Michael R.; Amiri, Sarah; Bahaveolos, Cristina; Franklin, Emily B.; Crocker, Daniel R.; Dang, Duyen; Dinasquet, Julie; Garofalo, Lauren A.; Kaluarachchi, Chathuri P.; Kilgour, Delaney B.; Mael, Liora E.; Mitts, Brock A.; Moon, Daniel R.; Moore, Alexia N.; Morris, Clare K.; Mullenmeister, Catherine A; Ni, Chi-min; Pendergraft, Matthew A.; Petras, Daniel; Simpson, Rebecca M. C.; Smith, Stephanie; Tumminello, Paul; Walker, Janet; DeMott, Paul J.; Farmer, Delphine K.; Goldstein, Allen H.; Grassian, Vicki H.; Jaffe, Jules S.; Malfatti, Francesca; Martz, Todd R.; Slade, John; Tivanski, Alexei V.; Bertram, Timothy H.; Cappa, Christopher D.; Prather, Kimberly A.

doi:10.1039/d1em00260k

Cited by 20 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Dry nascent SSA size distributions ( d m = 13.8–723.4 nm) were measured from the wave channel headspace using a SMPS equipped with an X-ray neutralizer (TSI Inc, Classifier 3080, DMA 3081, WCPC 3787). Details of the SMPS and AMS operation during SeaSCAPE are described elsewhere . Measurements of the taxonomic composition of bulk seawater utilized whole seawater sampling with viable cell enumeration using confocal microscopy, and in vivo chlorophyll a concentrations were continuously measured using an environmental sample processor during the experiment .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of the SMPS and AMS operation during SeaSCAPE are described elsewhere . Measurements of the taxonomic composition of bulk seawater utilized whole seawater sampling with viable cell enumeration using confocal microscopy, and in vivo chlorophyll a concentrations were continuously measured using an environmental sample processor during the experiment . Bulk seawater samples collected daily utilized 16S and 18S rDNA amplicon sequencing to measure the microbial and chemical composition as the bloom progressed .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study focuses on online measurements of ultrafine nascent SSA using the thermal desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometer (TDCIMS) and reports trends in the inorganic and organic compositions during the Sea Spray and Particle Evolution (SeaSCAPE) experiment . Utilizing the wave channel located in the Hydraulics Laboratory at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, this experiment simulated the coastal marine air–sea interface in a laboratory setting by inducing phytoplankton blooms in collected seawater to mimic marine biological activity and inducing regular wave-breaking SSA formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Composition of an Ultrafine Sea Spray Aerosol during the Sea Spray Chemistry and Particle Evolution Experiment

Glicker

Lawler

Resch

et al. 2022

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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Sea spray is a significant global aerosol source with impacts on marine cloud formation and climate. The physical properties and atmospheric fate of the sea spray aerosol (SSA) depend on its chemical composition, but the current understanding of the sources and composition of the marine aerosol or SSA remains limited particularly for the smallest aerosol. The composition of ultrafine (<100 nm diameter) SSA particles controls the critical diameter for activation to cloud droplets. This study presents online measurements of sea salt and organic mass fractions in an ultrafine SSA measured during the Sea Spray Chemistry and Particle Evolution experiment conducted in summer 2019 at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Primary SSA particles were generated in a wave flume mesocosm study with coastal seawater obtained from the Scripps Pier in San Diego, CA. Ultrafine particle composition measurements were performed using the thermal desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometer (TDCIMS). Trends in inorganic and organic fractions show dependence on the biological activity of the ocean water, where heterotrophic bacterium concentrations were correlated with organic mass fractions of the ultrafine SSA. At low phytoplankton concentrations, ultrafine sea spray particles were mainly composed of inorganic salts. Characteristic positive ion fragments indicate influence from polysaccharides and fatty acids likely of bacterial origin in the smallest sizes. In contrast, polysaccharide and fatty acid species were below detection levels in TDCIMS measurements of the larger SSA (∼100–200 nm). Comparisons with the submicron aerosol composition measured by an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) showed high correlation between AMS and general TDCIMS organic fractions but anticorrelation between measured, individual TDCIMS organics. These results suggest biological drivers for inorganic and organic aerosol compositions and a strong size dependence on the organic composition of nascent sea spray, consistent with previous findings.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Composition of an Ultrafine Sea Spray Aerosol during the Sea Spray Chemistry and Particle Evolution Experiment

Glicker

Lawler

Resch

et al. 2022

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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“…Another prominent technique used to investigate surfactants in SSA is the wave flume experiments conducted by the Center for Aerosol Impacts on Chemistry of the Environment (CAICE) at Scripps Institute of Oceanography. 475,476 Several CAICE studies have investigated composition and morphology of SSA containing surface-active organics produced in real seawater with phytoplankton blooms. 161,243,288,290,477 Ault et al 477 utilized Raman spectroscopy and SFG to demonstrate the presence of organic matter concentrated at the surface of SSA particles generated in a wave flume.…”

Section: Ambient Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging investigator series: surfactants, films, and coatings on atmospheric aerosol particles: a review

Wokosin

Schell

Faust

2022

Environ. Sci.: Atmos.

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“…Herein, we report values of δ 13 C super and δ 13 C sub for nascent SSA measured over the course of a phytoplankton bloom mesocosm experiment. The mesocosm experiment was conducted during the 2019 Sea Spray Chemistry And Particle Evolution (SeaSCAPE) study conducted in a unique ocean-atmosphere facility at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) . The aim of this work is to identify key biological and physicochemical factors controlling the differences in organic composition and δ 13 C values between SSA super and SSA sub .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic Insights into Organic Composition Differences between Supermicron and Submicron Sea Spray Aerosol

Crocker

Kaluarachchi

Cao

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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To elucidate the seawater biological and physicochemical factors driving differences in organic composition between supermicron and submicron sea spray aerosol (SSAsuper and SSAsub), carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) measurements were performed on size-segregated, nascent SSA collected during a phytoplankton bloom mesocosm experiment. The δ13C measurements indicate that SSAsuper contains a mixture of particulate and dissolved organic material in the bulk seawater. After phytoplankton growth, a greater amount of freshly produced carbon was observed in SSAsuper with the proportional contribution being modulated by bacterial activity, emphasizing the importance of the microbial loop in controlling the organic composition of SSAsuper. Conversely, SSAsub exhibited no apparent relationship with biological activity but tracked closely with surface tension measurements probing the topmost ∼0.2–1.5 μm of the sea surface microlayer. This probing depth is similar to a bubble’s film thickness at the ocean surface, suggesting that SSAsub organic composition may be influenced by the presence of surfactants at the air–sea interface that are transferred into SSAsub by bubble bursting. Our findings illustrate the substantial impact of seawater dynamics on the pronounced organic compositional differences between SSAsuper and SSAsub and demonstrate that these two SSA populations should be considered separately when assessing their contribution to marine aerosols and climate.

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The Sea Spray Chemistry and Particle Evolution study (SeaSCAPE): overview and experimental methods

Abstract: The SeaSCAPE campaign replicated the marine atmosphere in the laboratory to investigate the links between biological activity in the ocean and the properties of primary sea spray aerosols, volatile organic compounds, and secondary marine aerosols.

Cited by 20 publications

References 114 publications

Chemical Composition of an Ultrafine Sea Spray Aerosol during the Sea Spray Chemistry and Particle Evolution Experiment

Chemical Composition of an Ultrafine Sea Spray Aerosol during the Sea Spray Chemistry and Particle Evolution Experiment

Emerging investigator series: surfactants, films, and coatings on atmospheric aerosol particles: a review

Isotopic Insights into Organic Composition Differences between Supermicron and Submicron Sea Spray Aerosol

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