The Search for Boundaries on Maps: Color Processing and Map Pattern Effects

Bunch, Rick; Lloyd, Robert

doi:10.1559/152304000783548046

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This research has been concerned with understanding the cognitive processes associated with map users' thought processes, prior experience, spatial abilities, and memory (Olson 1979;Gilmartin 1981;Blades and Spencer 1986). A number of more recent cognitive studies have used visual perceptual tasks to explore the effects of symbols and color on maps (Brennon and Lloyd 1993;Nelson 1995;Lloyd 1997;Bunch 1999;Bunch and Lloyd 2000) and others have emphasized the effects of prior experience, differences in spatial abilities, and memory on various map-processing tasks (Montello et al 1999;Bunch 2000;Lloyd, Hodgson, and Stokes 2002;Montello 2002;Lloyd and Bunch 2003).…”

Section: Cartographic Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cognitive Load of Geographic Information

Bunch

Lloyd

2006

The Professional Geographer

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Multimedia presentations that combine verbal and visual information are increasingly becoming important methods for communicating geographic information. This article discusses literature related to cognitive load theory (CLT) and offers ideas on how this theory might be used for geography education and research. By considering the limitations of the human mind, CLT offers geographers a way to assess critical components of the spatial learning processes. Methods for measuring cognitive load and reducing overloads are discussed within a map context. It is argued that managing the cognitive load experienced by learners is the key to representing geographic information.

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Section: Cartographic Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cognitive Load of Geographic Information

Bunch

Lloyd

2006

The Professional Geographer

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“…(2) Is the 'color matching' function useful? We used five-point scales to assess the level of agreement, which ranged from 'strongly disagree' (1) to 'strongly agree' (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Qualitative schemes have significant impacts on the usability and esthetic function of cartographic presentation, and such schemes have become increasingly important as various digital geographical data have become more widely available. [5][6][7] Qualitative scheme creation refers to the process of selecting one or a series of "unrelated" colors that will convey the nominal or categorical message intended by the mapmaker. Cartographic, physical, psychological, cultural, creative, and esthetic factors are involved in creating qualitative schemes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and formalization of knowledge for coloring qualitative geospatial data

Chen

et al. 2017

Color Research & Application

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Creating a satisfying qualitative color scheme from scratch may be difficult for novice mapmakers and experts. A probability-based method is proposed to identify knowledge regarding qualitative color selection from readily available color schemes and formalize the discovered knowledge to assist in color creation. An unsupervised method to extract the general trends of color selection is presented, and the issue of qualitative color selection is translated into a multi-constraint optimization problem. A feasible solution for achieving the global optimum is then provided. A probabilitybased method is also proposed to match abstract color values with specific mapping features. This proposed approach is evaluated in a case study. The results of the case study suggest that the proposed method allows users to create qualitative color schemes more efficiently and confidently. K E Y W O R D Sinteraction, kernel density estimation, map color design, multi-constraint optimization, qualitative color schema wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/col

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“…Robert Lloyd (1997) conducted a visual search study in which the visual stimuli were differentiated according to hue (red, blue, yellow), shape (rectangle, triangle), size (small, large), orientation (horizontal, vertical), and randomly varied distracters. Other studies (Brennan and Lloyd 1993;Bunch 1999;Bunch and Lloyd 2000) have compared the effect of hue and luminance on the accuracy and efficiency of visual search in choropleth maps, where the search target was the boundary formed between two enumeration units that differed in hue and/or luminance. Robert Lloyd and Michael Hodgson (2002) conducted a visual search experiment in which the target objects were located within aerial photographs of varying background complexities.…”

Section: Visual Search and Spatial Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

fMRI and Human Subjects Research in Cartography

Lobben

Lawrence²,

Olson

2009

Cartographica

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In the past decade, the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has grown, both in the number of studies published and in the number of disciplines finding application for functional brain research facilitated by this datagathering method. A review of fMRI research in perceptual grouping and figure/ground and in visual search and attention is of interest in the effort to understand the human use of maps. These studies provide physiological evidence that can at least tentatively be interpreted as supporting principles in map design. Although they are not specifically cartographic, these studies dovetail with some of the human-user research in cartography. The question of how these studies of very specific phenomena, using very limited graphics, fit the overall picture of map use is an open one. At the very least, they provide an additional window into the processes of map use. RésuméAu cours des dix dernières années, l'augmentation du recours à l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf) s'est fait sentir tant dans le nombre d'études publiées que dans le nombre de disciplines pour lesquelles on trouve des applications aux recherches sur le fonctionnement du cerveau, maintenant devenues plus faciles grâce à cette méthode de collecte des données. Il est intéressant d'examiner les recherches en IRMf portant sur le groupement perceptif et la figure/ le fond et sur la recherche visuelle et l'attention pour mieux comprendre comment les humains emploient les cartes. Ces études fournissent des preuves physiologiques qu'on peut interpréter, du moins provisoirement, comme des principes étayant la conception cartographique. Même si elles ne sont pas axées directement sur la cartographie, elles concordent avec certaines recherches sur les utilisateurs de cartes. Il reste encore à déterminer comment ces études sur des phénomènes très précis, menées à l'aide de graphiques très limités, s'inscrivent dans le cadre global de l'emploi des cartes. Le moins que l'on puisse attendre d'elles, c'est qu'elles permettent de comprendre un peu mieux les processus liés à l'utilisation des cartes.Mots clés : imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf), cartes, utilisateur de carte, conception cartographique cartographica (volume 44, issue 3), pp. 159-169

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The Search for Boundaries on Maps: Color Processing and Map Pattern Effects

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

The Cognitive Load of Geographic Information

The Cognitive Load of Geographic Information

Identification and formalization of knowledge for coloring qualitative geospatial data

fMRI and Human Subjects Research in Cartography

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