The Search for the Natural Habitat of Cryptococcus gattii

Hagen, Ferry; Boekhout, Teun

doi:10.1007/s11046-010-9313-6

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Colom et al [2] also reported low rate of isolation of each pathogenic Cryptococcus species from Eucalyptus trees. This is also in accordance with previous finding from Mediterranean area [7,8,18]. The present study revealed that the prevalence of C. neoformans var.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Seasonal prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii inhabiting Eucalyptus terreticornis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis trees in Jabalpur City of Madhya Pradesh, Central India

Bedi

Nawange

Singh

et al. 2012

Journal de Mycologie Médicale

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Seasonal prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii inhabiting Eucalyptus terreticornis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis trees in Jabalpur City of Madhya Pradesh, Central India

Bedi

Nawange

Singh

et al. 2012

Journal de Mycologie Médicale

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“…Environmental sampling in the Pacific Northwest demonstrated that C. gattii has established ecological niches in trees other than Eucalyptus , including species of fir, maple, alder, cedar, spruce, pine and oak trees [10], [24]. In another environmental surveillance study, certain species of cacti in Puerto Rico were also found to harbor C. gattii [4], [30]. Both of these sources could potentially serve as an ecological niche for C. gattii in New Mexico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has since been reported from eucalyptus and other trees in tropical and subtropical regions including southern California, South America, parts of Africa and Southeast Asia [3], [4]. Before 1999, C. gattii infections were only rarely reported from temperate climates of North America [5], [6]; however, since 1999, an outbreak of C. gattii infections has been reported from British Columbia (BC), and more recently from the U.S. Pacific Northwest (Washington and Oregon) [7]–[9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Disseminated Cryptococcus gattii Infection in New Mexico

et al. 2011

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We report a case of fatal disseminated infection with Cryptococcus gattii in a patient from New Mexico. The patient had no history of recent travel to known C. gattii-endemic areas. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that the isolate belonged to the major molecular type VGIII. Virulence studies in a mouse pulmonary model of infection demonstrated that the strain was less virulent than other C. gattii strains. This represents the first documented case of C. gattii likely acquired in New Mexico.

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“…Decomposing wood in tree hollows has been identified as an environmental source (22,105). Eucalypts are in fact only one of Ͼ50 different species of tree that can provide an ecological niche for C. gattii (106)(107)(108)(109)(110). Environmental isolates have been obtained from Africa (33,(110)(111)(112), Asia (76,77,108), Australia (26,110,(113)(114)(115)(116)(117)(118), Europe (110,119,120), North America (38,110,121), and South America (122).…”

Section: Environmental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptococcus gattii Infections

2014

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SUMMARY Understanding of the taxonomy and phylogeny of Cryptococcus gattii has been advanced by modern molecular techniques. C. gattii probably diverged from Cryptococcus neoformans between 16 million and 160 million years ago, depending on the dating methods applied, and maintains diversity by recombining in nature. South America is the likely source of the virulent C. gattii VGII molecular types that have emerged in North America. C. gattii shares major virulence determinants with C. neoformans , although genomic and transcriptomic studies revealed that despite similar genomes, the VGIIa and VGIIb subtypes employ very different transcriptional circuits and manifest differences in virulence phenotypes. Preliminary evidence suggests that C. gattii VGII causes severe lung disease and death without dissemination, whereas C. neoformans disseminates readily to the central nervous system (CNS) and causes death from meningoencephalitis. Overall, currently available data indicate that the C. gattii VGI, VGII, and VGIII molecular types more commonly affect nonimmunocompromised hosts, in contrast to VGIV. New, rapid, cheap diagnostic tests and imaging modalities are assisting early diagnosis and enabling better outcomes of cerebral cryptococcosis. Complications of CNS infection include increased intracranial pressure, severe neurological sequelae, and development of immune reconstitution syndrome, although the mortality rate is low. C. gattii VGII isolates may exhibit higher fluconazole MICs than other genotypes. Optimal therapeutic regimens are yet to be determined; in most cases, initial therapy with amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine is recommended.

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The Search for the Natural Habitat of Cryptococcus gattii

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Seasonal prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii inhabiting Eucalyptus terreticornis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis trees in Jabalpur City of Madhya Pradesh, Central India

Seasonal prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii inhabiting Eucalyptus terreticornis and Eucalyptus camaldulensis trees in Jabalpur City of Madhya Pradesh, Central India

Fatal Disseminated Cryptococcus gattii Infection in New Mexico

Cryptococcus gattii Infections

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